A direct test of the impact of infection on animal migration: consequences for parasite and host populations

感染对动物迁徙影响的直接测试：对寄生虫和宿主种群的影响

• 批准号: NE/V001779/1
• 负责人: Emma Cunningham
• 金额: $ 68.61万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FV001779%2F1
• 关键词: direct; test; impact; infection; animal

Wildlife populations experience a wide range of infections that can both impact on their own health and cross species boundaries to pose environmental risks to farm animal and human health. The impact of this infection will be inextricably linked to a species' movement ecology, as the way in which animal movements around their environment is a major factor in determining how infections are transmitted and persist. Predicting infection dynamics and mitigating their impacts therefore requires understanding how infection influences animal movements and, in turn, understanding the consequences of animal movement for infection dynamics. We will therefore address three key questions in this project: 1) Does infection status influence individual migration strategy? 2) Does infection affect the survival and breeding success of migrants and residents to different extents? 3) Do differences in migratory behaviour scale up to affect levels of infection in host populations.We will investigate these questions in a partially migratory population of seabirds that breed on the Isle of May National Nature Reserve in South East Scotland but migrate along the East Coats of the UK. Recent theoretical studies have modelled three disease related mechanisms that could directly affect selection for, or against, migration. These are 1) migratory escape, whereby migration allows individuals to escape from high-exposure habitats or infected individuals. 2) migratory recovery, whereby infected individuals migrate to a different area to gain resources that facilitate recovery 3) migratory culling, whereby infected individuals suffer higher mortality during migration.We will firstly test whether natural levels of parasitism are associated with individual migration strategy expressed in an individual's first year of life and whether measures of immunity differ in juveniles that subsequently become resident or migrant. We will then experimentally test whether parasitism has a causal role through experimental reduction of parasite burden.We will then test whether parasitism is associated with differences in breeding success and survival of migrants and residents. We will use multi-year demographic data to link individual migration strategy to levels of parasitism and components of fitness to test a) whether parasitism is associated with any potential selective advantage of migration and b) the demographic routes through which this may operate.Finally we will test whether changes in population levels of parasitism between years is due to decreases in individual parasite burden as individuals recover from infection or the loss of infected hosts from the population as they fail to survive. This is important from a management or conservation point of view as these alternative explanations would lead to very different conclusions about the robustness of the population to infection.This study will therefore provide first combined test of how parasitism drives migratory movements in a partially migratory species with measuring the consequences for population level changes in parasite abundance and whether these result from high levels of host mortality. These are key to assessing the impact of migration on parasite persistence in the environment and the impact of parasitism on different components of animal populations.

野生动物种群经历了广泛的感染，这些感染既会影响它们自身的健康，也会跨越物种界限，对农场动物和人类健康构成环境风险。这种感染的影响将与物种的运动生态密切相关，因为动物在其环境中运动的方式是决定感染如何传播和持续的主要因素。因此，预测感染动态并减轻其影响需要了解感染如何影响动物运动，进而了解动物运动对感染动态的影响。因此，我们将在该项目中解决三个关键问题：1）感染状况是否会影响个人的迁移策略？ 2）感染是否不同程度地影响迁徙者和居民的生存和繁殖成功？ 3) 迁徙行为的差异是否会扩大影响宿主种群的感染水平。我们将在部分迁徙的海鸟种群中调查这些问题，这些海鸟在苏格兰东南部的梅岛国家自然保护区繁殖，但沿着东海岸迁徙英国的。最近的理论研究模拟了三种与疾病相关的机制，这些机制可能直接影响对迁移的选择或反对。这些是 1) 迁徙逃逸，即迁徙使个体能够逃离高暴露的栖息地或受感染的个体。 2）迁移恢复，即感染个体迁移到不同的地区以获得有利于恢复的资源 3）迁移扑杀，即感染个体在迁移过程中遭受更高的死亡率。我们将首先测试寄生的自然水平是否与个体迁移策略相关个人生命的第一年以及随后成为居民或移民的青少年的豁免措施是否不同。然后，我们将通过实验减少寄生虫负担来测试寄生是否具有因果作用。然后，我们将测试寄生是否与移民和居民的繁殖成功率和生存差异有关。我们将使用多年的人口统计数据将个人迁徙策略与寄生水平和健康组成部分联系起来，以测试a）寄生是否与任何潜在的迁徙选择优势相关，b）其可能运作的人口统计路线。最后，我们将测试多年来群体寄生水平的变化是否是由于个体从感染中恢复时个体寄生虫负担的减少或由于无法生存而导致群体中受感染宿主的损失。从管理或保护的角度来看，这一点很重要，因为这些替代解释将导致关于种群对感染的鲁棒性的截然不同的结论。因此，这项研究将提供第一个综合测试，说明寄生如何驱动部分迁徙物种的迁徙运动衡量寄生虫丰度对人口水平变化的影响，以及这些影响是否是由高宿主死亡率造成的。这些对于评估迁移对环境中寄生虫持久性的影响以及寄生对动物种群不同组成部分的影响至关重要。

项目成果

The genome sequence of the European shag, Gulosus aristotelis (previously Phalacrocorax aristotelis) (Linnaeus, 1761)

欧洲鸬鹚 Gulosus aristotelis（以前称为 Phalacrocorax aristotelis）的基因组序列（Linnaeus，1761）

• DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.21119.1
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Wellcome Open Research
• 作者: Ravenswater H