A direct test of the impact of infection on animal migration: consequences for parasite and host populations

感染对动物迁徙影响的直接测试：对寄生虫和宿主种群的影响

• 批准号: NE/V001779/1
• 负责人: Emma Cunningham
• 金额: $ 68.61万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FV001779%2F1
• 关键词: direct; test; impact; infection; animal

Wildlife populations experience a wide range of infections that can both impact on their own health and cross species boundaries to pose environmental risks to farm animal and human health. The impact of this infection will be inextricably linked to a species' movement ecology, as the way in which animal movements around their environment is a major factor in determining how infections are transmitted and persist. Predicting infection dynamics and mitigating their impacts therefore requires understanding how infection influences animal movements and, in turn, understanding the consequences of animal movement for infection dynamics. We will therefore address three key questions in this project: 1) Does infection status influence individual migration strategy? 2) Does infection affect the survival and breeding success of migrants and residents to different extents? 3) Do differences in migratory behaviour scale up to affect levels of infection in host populations.We will investigate these questions in a partially migratory population of seabirds that breed on the Isle of May National Nature Reserve in South East Scotland but migrate along the East Coats of the UK. Recent theoretical studies have modelled three disease related mechanisms that could directly affect selection for, or against, migration. These are 1) migratory escape, whereby migration allows individuals to escape from high-exposure habitats or infected individuals. 2) migratory recovery, whereby infected individuals migrate to a different area to gain resources that facilitate recovery 3) migratory culling, whereby infected individuals suffer higher mortality during migration.We will firstly test whether natural levels of parasitism are associated with individual migration strategy expressed in an individual's first year of life and whether measures of immunity differ in juveniles that subsequently become resident or migrant. We will then experimentally test whether parasitism has a causal role through experimental reduction of parasite burden.We will then test whether parasitism is associated with differences in breeding success and survival of migrants and residents. We will use multi-year demographic data to link individual migration strategy to levels of parasitism and components of fitness to test a) whether parasitism is associated with any potential selective advantage of migration and b) the demographic routes through which this may operate.Finally we will test whether changes in population levels of parasitism between years is due to decreases in individual parasite burden as individuals recover from infection or the loss of infected hosts from the population as they fail to survive. This is important from a management or conservation point of view as these alternative explanations would lead to very different conclusions about the robustness of the population to infection.This study will therefore provide first combined test of how parasitism drives migratory movements in a partially migratory species with measuring the consequences for population level changes in parasite abundance and whether these result from high levels of host mortality. These are key to assessing the impact of migration on parasite persistence in the environment and the impact of parasitism on different components of animal populations.

野生动植物种群经历了广泛的感染，这些感染既可以影响自己的健康，又可能影响跨物种边界，以构成环境风险对养殖动物和人类健康。这种感染的影响将与物种运动生态学有着千丝万缕的联系，因为在其环境周围的动物运动的方式是确定感染如何传播和持续存在的主要因素。因此，预测感染动态并减轻其影响需要了解感染如何影响动物运动，进而了解动物运动对感染动力学的后果。因此，我们将解决该项目中的三个关键问题：1）感染状态是否影响个人移民策略？ 2）感染会影响移民和居民对不同范围的生存和繁殖成功吗？ 3）在迁徙行为量表上确实有差异，以影响宿主人群的感染水平。我们将在繁殖在苏格兰东南部的五月国家自然保护区的一部分迁徙的海鸟中调查这些问题，但沿着英国东部大衣迁移。最近的理论研究模拟了三种与疾病相关的机制，这些机制可能直接影响或反对迁移的选择。这些是1）迁移逃生，从而允许个人逃脱高暴露栖息地或受感染的个体。 2）迁移恢复，感染的人迁移到不同的区域以获取促进恢复的资源3）迁徙性淘汰，感染者在迁移过程中遭受较高的死亡率。我们首先将测试自然寄生虫的自然水平是否与个人第一年的单个迁移策略相关，以及在人生的第一年中表达的个人迁移策略，以及在生命中是否有差异，以及在随后或随后迁移的幼虫中是否有所不同。然后，我们将通过实验测试寄生虫是否通过减少寄生虫负担的实验性作用。然后，我们将测试寄生虫是否与移民和居民的繁殖成功和生存差异有关。我们将使用多年的人口统计数据将单个迁移策略与寄生虫的水平和适应性的成分联系起来a）寄生虫是否与迁移的任何潜在选择性优势相关，b）寄生途径可能会运行的人口统计学途径。我们在本年度的寄生虫中丧失或寄生虫的损失是否会导致寄生虫的损失降低，或者是由于寄生虫恢复而导致的寄生虫恢复是否导致了寄生虫的损失，而寄生虫的损失是造成的。 存活。从管理或保护的角度来看，这一点很重要，因为这些替代解释将导致关于人群鲁棒性感染的结论非常不同。因此，这项研究将对寄生虫的寄生虫如何驱动寄生虫的迁移方式进行首次合并测试，从而测量寄生虫水平的后果以及这些寄生虫的后果是否导致寄生虫的后果以及这些导致宿主的较高水平。这些是评估迁移对环境中寄生虫持久性的影响以及寄生虫对动物种群不同组成部分的影响的关键。

项目成果

The genome sequence of the European shag, Gulosus aristotelis (previously Phalacrocorax aristotelis) (Linnaeus, 1761)

欧洲鸬鹚 Gulosus aristotelis（以前称为 Phalacrocorax aristotelis）的基因组序列（Linnaeus，1761）

• DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.21119.1
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Wellcome Open Research
• 作者: Ravenswater H