A high-throughput platform for assembling genome data: the Saphyr

用于组装基因组数据的高通量平台：Saphyr

• 批准号: NE/T008709/1
• 负责人: Stephen Rossiter
• 金额: $ 34.58万
• 依托单位: Queen Mary University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FT008709%2F1
• 关键词: throughput; platform; assembling; genome; data

Since the completion of the human genome project in 2003, after 13 years of work and billions of dollars, the ability to produce genomic data has accelerated at phenomenal rates. Advances in sequencing technologies mean that just 20 years on we can now sequence a genome in hours, not years, at the cost of a few hundred dollars. As such, genome sequence data can be produced by small and large labs alike, and numerous regional, national and global consortia have been newly launched with the goal of sequencing millions of species worldwide in the coming years.Unfortunately, while the explosion of thousands of genome datasets has created new opportunities - such as screening genomes for variants that correlate with ecologically-important traits such as disease resistance - it has also created equally steep challenges. A particular problem concerns the nature of genomic datasets; even after deep-sequencing, most "genomes" actually comprise large numbers of non-contiguous fragments that cannot be stitched together into chromosomes. This incomplete assembly obstructs inferences of linkage, synteny, and genotype-phenotype association, and is especially severe for non-model plants, fungi and animals that are characterised by large complex genomes. The Saphyr platform (Bionano Genomics) overcomes this obstacle by directly imaging megabase length fluorescently barcoded optical molecules. DNA is treated with an enzyme that deposits fluorescent marks based at specific sites, and then millions of large DNA molecules are passed through proprietary nanochannels and their images are converted to graphical barcodes. Using software, barcoded molecules are compared against each other, and, based on matching patterns of fluro-marks, assembled into 'optical contigs'; these are structural scaffolds, independent of sequence, that represent very large regions. Since these contigs easily span breaks in sequence assembly, they allow the generation of chromosome length 'hybrid scaffolds' made up of optical and sequence contigs, where the short-read sequence assemblies have been in silico enzyme treated so that they exhibit the same barcode patterns as the optical molecules.Optical mapping is considered an essential step in producing high quality genomes, and features in the pipelines used by many large sequencing consortia, including the newly-launched Darwin Tree of Life Project, which aims to capture the genomic information of the ~66,000 UK species. The Saphyr is the only high-throughput optical mapping platform, yet there is currently no dedicated facility for NERC-funded research working at the interface of genomics and environmental science.We will establish a NERC-oriented next generation optical mapping facility at QMUL, underpinned by our technical support for isolating ultra-high molecular weight DNA from a range of biological samples and species. This high throughout facility will meet current demand for generating high quality genomes, and will thus enhance the UK's technical capacity in the fast developing field of environmental genomics. Specifically, the facility will enable researchers to (1) include genome assemblies in current and future projects, (2) play more active roles in large genome networks, and (3) exploit the platform's versatility to tackle novel research questions regarding the genome-wide distributions of specific DNA motifs and features. At an institutional level, the Saphyr will allow us to expand our research portfolio and address fundamental questions in ecological and evolutionary genomics in diverse non-model organisms, which range from trees and bacteria to mammals and annelids. Moreover, the Saphyr will enhance training of specialised staff, enhance our capacity to establish collaborations with other UK research institutions, and thus emerge as a common technical resource for the environmental-oriented research community.

自 2003 年人类基因组计划完成以来，经过 13 年的工作和数十亿美元的投入，产生基因组数据的能力以惊人的速度加快。测序技术的进步意味着，仅仅 20 年后，我们现在就可以在几小时而不是几年内对基因组进行测序，成本仅为数百美元。因此，基因组序列数据可以由小型和大型实验室生成，并且许多区域、国家和全球联盟已经新成立，其目标是在未来几年对全球数百万个物种进行测序。不幸的是，虽然数千个物种的爆炸式增长基因组数据集创造了新的机遇——例如筛选基因组中与抗病性等生态重要特征相关的变异——但它也带来了同样严峻的挑战。一个特殊的问题涉及基因组数据集的性质；即使经过深度测序，大多数“基因组”实际上也包含大量不连续的片段，无法拼接成染色体。这种不完整的组装阻碍了连锁、同线性和基因型-表型关联的推断，对于以大型复杂基因组为特征的非模型植物、真菌和动物尤其严重。 Saphyr 平台（Bionano Genomics）通过直接成像兆碱基长度的荧光条形码光学分子克服了这一障碍。 DNA 经过酶处理，在特定位点沉积荧光标记，然后数百万个大 DNA 分子通过专有的纳米通道，它们的图像被转换为​​图形条形码。使用软件，对带有条形码的分子进行相互比较，并根据荧光标记的匹配模式，组装成“光学重叠群”；这些是结构支架，与序列无关，代表非常大的区域。由于这些重叠群很容易跨越序列组装中的断裂，因此它们可以生成由光学和序列重叠群组成的染色体长度“混合支架”，其中短读长序列组装体已经过硅酶处理，因此它们表现出相同的条形码模式光学作图被认为是产生高质量基因组的重要步骤，并且是许多大型测序联盟使用的流程中的特征，包括新启动的达尔文生命树项目，该项目旨在捕获基因组约 66,000 个英国物种的信息。 Saphyr 是唯一的高通量光学测绘平台，但目前没有专门的设施用于 NERC 资助的基因组学和环境科学交叉领域的研究。我们将在 QMUL 建立一个面向 NERC 的下一代光学测绘设施，我们为从一系列生物样本和物种中分离超高分子量 DNA 提供技术支持。这个高通量设施将满足当前生成高质量基因组的需求，从而增强英国在快速发展的环境基因组学领域的技术能力。具体来说，该设施将使研究人员能够（1）将基因组组装纳入当前和未来的项目中，（2）在大型基因组网络中发挥更积极的作用，以及（3）利用该平台的多功能性来解决有关全基因组的新研究问题特定 DNA 基序和特征的分布。在机构层面，Saphyr 将使我们能够扩大我们的研究组合，并解决各种非模型生物（从树木和细菌到哺乳动物和环节动物）的生态和进化基因组学的基本问题。此外，Saphyr将加强对专业人员的培训，增强我们与其他英国研究机构建立合作的能力，从而成为环境导向研究界的共同技术资源。

项目成果

The comparative genomic landscape of adaptive radiation in crater lake cichlid fishes.

• DOI: 10.1111/mec.15774
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Molecular ecology
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Xiong P;Hulsey CD;Fruciano C;Wong WY;Nater A;Kautt AF;Simakov O;Pippel M;Kuraku S;Meyer A;Franchini P
• 通讯作者: Franchini P

Genome editing reveals that pSCL4 is required for chromosome linearity in Streptomyces clavuligerus.

• DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000669
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Microbial genomics
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Gomez-Escribano JP;Algora Gallardo L;Bozhüyük KAJ;Kendrew SG;Huckle BD;Crowhurst NA;Bibb MJ;Collis AJ;Micklefield J;Herron PR;Wilkinson B
• 通讯作者: Wilkinson B

Annelid functional genomics reveal the origins of bilaterian life cycles.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05636-7
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Martin-Zamora, Francisco M.;Liang, Yan;Guynes, Kero;Carrillo-Baltodano, Allan M.;Davies, Billie E.;Donnellan, Rory D.;Tan, Yongkai;Moggioli, Giacomo;Seudre, Oceane;Tran, Martin;Mortimer, Kate;Luscombe, Nicholas M.;Hejnol, Andreas;Marletaz, Ferdinand;Martin-Duran, Jose M.
• 通讯作者: Martin-Duran, Jose M.