ARBOLES: A trait-based Understanding of LATAM Forest Biodiversity and Resilience

ARBOLES：对拉丁美洲森林生物多样性和恢复力的基于性状的理解

基本信息

批准号：
NE/S011811/1
负责人：
David Robert Galbraith
金额：
$ 141.06万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS011811%2F1
关键词：
ARBOLES trait based Understanding LATAM

项目摘要

Latin American forests cover a very large latitudinal and climate gradient extending from the tropics to Southern hemisphere high latitudes. The continent therefore hosts a large variety of forest types including the Amazon - the world's largest tropical forest - as well as the diverse Atlantic forests concentrated along the coast, temperate forests in Chile and Argentina as well as the cold rainforests of Valdivia and the Nothofagus forests of Patagonia. These forests are global epicentres of biological diversity and include several tropical and extra-tropical biodiversity hotspots. For example, the Amazon rainforest is home to ~10% of terrestrial plant and animal species and store a large fraction of global organic carbon. hotspots. Some of these Latin American forests still cover a large fraction of their original (pre-colombian) extent: the Amazon still covers approximately 5 Million km2, which is 80% of its original area. However, others, such as the Atlantic forest, have nearly disappeared and are now heavily fragmented. Temperate forests have also shrunk, despite efforts to halt further reduction. However, economic development, population rises and the growth in global drivers of environmental change mean that all forests now face strong anthropogenic pressures. Locally stressors generally result from ongoing development, selective logging, the hunting of larger birds and mammals, over-exploitation of key forest resources such as valuable palm fruits, mining, and/or forest conversion for agricultural use. Global environmental drivers stem from the world's warming climate. Yet it is not clear how these local pressures and changing environmental conditions will alter the composition of Latin American forests, and whether there are thresholds between human impacts - such as the lack of dispersers in heavily fragmented forest landscapes or climate conditions exceeding limits of species tolerance - and the community level responses of forest plants. We aim to investigate this, supporting the development of strategies that can preserve the diversity of these forests and their functioning. We achieve this by investigating the relationships between diversity and functioning of these forests; exploring whether there are thresholds in functioning resulting both from pressures of forest use and changing climate; by experimentally testing responses; and by generalizing predictive capability to large scales. ARBOLES aims to achieve these goals by integrating established forest inventory approaches with cutting-edge functional trait, genomics, experimental and remote sensing approaches.Our approach involves combining forest plots with plant traits, which will enable us to characterize state and shifts over time in the face of local human disturbance and changing climate and atmospheric composition. We will focus on traits along the following axes: (i) life-history strategies measuring investment in structure (like wood density, leaf mass per area, maximum height), (ii) investment in productive organs (like leaf nutrients), (iii) investment in reproductive organs, (iv) tolerance to water stress and heat stress. The work is being conducted in collaboration with research groups in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Peru - and will provide a first cross-continent assessment of how humans are influencing Latin American forests.

拉丁美洲森林涵盖了一个非常大的纬度和气候梯度，从热带地区延伸到南半球高纬度。因此，大陆拥有各种各样的森林类型，包括世界上最大的热带森林 - 以及集中在沿海地区的多元大西洋森林，智利和阿根廷的温带森林以及瓦尔迪维亚和巴塔哥尼亚的Nothofagus森林的寒冷雨林。这些森林是全球生物多样性的震中，包括几个热带和热带生物多样性热点。例如，亚马逊雨林是约10％的陆地植物和动物物种的所在地，并存储了大部分全球有机碳。热点。这些拉丁美洲森林中的一些仍然占原始（前哥伦比亚）程度的很大一部分：亚马逊仍然覆盖约500万km2，占其原始面积的80％。但是，其他人，例如大西洋森林，几乎消失了，现在被严重分散。尽管努力停止进一步减少，但温带森林也缩水了。但是，经济发展，人口的增长以及全球环境变化驱动力的增长意味着所有森林现在都面临着强大的人为压力。当地的压力源通常是由于持续的开发，选择性伐木，狩猎较大的鸟类和哺乳动物的狩猎，对重要森林资源的过度开发，例如有价值的棕榈果，采矿和/或森林转换以供农业使用。全球环境驱动力源于世界上温暖的气候。然而，尚不清楚这些当地压力和不断变化的环境条件将如何改变拉丁美洲森林的组成，以及人类影响之间是否存在阈值 - 例如，在严重碎片的森林景观中缺乏分散器或超过物种宽容限制的气候条件以及森林工厂的社区水平反应的限制。我们旨在调查这一点，以支持可以保留这些森林及其功能多样性的战略的制定。我们通过研究这些森林的多样性与功能之间的关系来实现这一目标。探索森林使用压力和气候变化的压力，功能是否有阈值；通过实验测试响应；并通过将预测能力概括为大尺度。 Arboles的目的是通过将既定的森林库存方法与最先进的功能性状，基因组学，实验和遥感方法相结合来实现这些目标。我们的方法涉及将森林地块与植物特征相结合，这将使我们能够表征状态并在当地人类干扰以及改变气候和气候和大气组成的情况下随着时间的流逝而变化。我们将专注于沿以下轴的特征：（i）测量结构投资的生活历史策略（例如木质密度，每个面积的叶子质量，最大高度），（ii）对生产器官（如叶片属性）的投资，（iii）对生殖器官的投资，（iv）对水压力和热应激的承受能力。这项工作是与阿根廷，巴西，智利和秘鲁的研究小组合作进行的，并将对人类如何影响拉丁美洲森林进行首次跨大陆评估。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Vessel tapering is conserved along a precipitation gradient in tropical trees of the genus Cedrela

DOI：
10.1007/s00468-022-02345-6
发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
Trees
影响因子：
0
作者：
Alexander Chambers-Ostler;E. Gloor;D. Galbraith;P. Groenendijk;Roel Brienen
通讯作者：
Alexander Chambers-Ostler;E. Gloor;D. Galbraith;P. Groenendijk;Roel Brienen

Pantropical modelling of canopy functional traits using Sentinel-2 remote sensing data