ARBOLES: A trait-based Understanding of LATAM Forest Biodiversity and Resilience

ARBOLES：对拉丁美洲森林生物多样性和恢复力的基于性状的理解

基本信息

批准号：
NE/S011811/1
负责人：
David Robert Galbraith
金额：
$ 141.06万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS011811%2F1
关键词：
ARBOLES trait based Understanding LATAM

项目摘要

Latin American forests cover a very large latitudinal and climate gradient extending from the tropics to Southern hemisphere high latitudes. The continent therefore hosts a large variety of forest types including the Amazon - the world's largest tropical forest - as well as the diverse Atlantic forests concentrated along the coast, temperate forests in Chile and Argentina as well as the cold rainforests of Valdivia and the Nothofagus forests of Patagonia. These forests are global epicentres of biological diversity and include several tropical and extra-tropical biodiversity hotspots. For example, the Amazon rainforest is home to ~10% of terrestrial plant and animal species and store a large fraction of global organic carbon. hotspots. Some of these Latin American forests still cover a large fraction of their original (pre-colombian) extent: the Amazon still covers approximately 5 Million km2, which is 80% of its original area. However, others, such as the Atlantic forest, have nearly disappeared and are now heavily fragmented. Temperate forests have also shrunk, despite efforts to halt further reduction. However, economic development, population rises and the growth in global drivers of environmental change mean that all forests now face strong anthropogenic pressures. Locally stressors generally result from ongoing development, selective logging, the hunting of larger birds and mammals, over-exploitation of key forest resources such as valuable palm fruits, mining, and/or forest conversion for agricultural use. Global environmental drivers stem from the world's warming climate. Yet it is not clear how these local pressures and changing environmental conditions will alter the composition of Latin American forests, and whether there are thresholds between human impacts - such as the lack of dispersers in heavily fragmented forest landscapes or climate conditions exceeding limits of species tolerance - and the community level responses of forest plants. We aim to investigate this, supporting the development of strategies that can preserve the diversity of these forests and their functioning. We achieve this by investigating the relationships between diversity and functioning of these forests; exploring whether there are thresholds in functioning resulting both from pressures of forest use and changing climate; by experimentally testing responses; and by generalizing predictive capability to large scales. ARBOLES aims to achieve these goals by integrating established forest inventory approaches with cutting-edge functional trait, genomics, experimental and remote sensing approaches.Our approach involves combining forest plots with plant traits, which will enable us to characterize state and shifts over time in the face of local human disturbance and changing climate and atmospheric composition. We will focus on traits along the following axes: (i) life-history strategies measuring investment in structure (like wood density, leaf mass per area, maximum height), (ii) investment in productive organs (like leaf nutrients), (iii) investment in reproductive organs, (iv) tolerance to water stress and heat stress. The work is being conducted in collaboration with research groups in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Peru - and will provide a first cross-continent assessment of how humans are influencing Latin American forests.

拉丁美洲森林覆盖了非常大的纬度和气候梯度，从热带延伸到南半球高纬度地区。因此，这片大陆拥有多种森林类型，包括世界上最大的热带森林亚马逊、集中在沿海的多样化大西洋森林、智利和阿根廷的温带森林以及瓦尔迪维亚的寒冷雨林和黄毛榉森林巴塔哥尼亚。这些森林是全球生物多样性的中心，包括几个热带和热带外生物多样性热点地区。例如，亚马逊雨林是约 10% 的陆地动植物物种的家园，并储存了全球大部分有机碳。热点。其中一些拉丁美洲森林仍覆盖其原始（前哥伦比亚）范围的很大一部分：亚马逊仍然覆盖约 500 万平方公里，即其原始面积的 80%。然而，其他地区，例如大西洋森林，几乎已经消失，而且现在严重支离破碎。尽管努力阻止进一步减少，但温带森林也出现了萎缩。然而，经济发展、人口增长以及全球环境变化驱动因素的增加意味着所有森林现在都面临着强大的人为压力。当地的压力源通常来自持续开发、选择性伐木、大型鸟类和哺乳动物的狩猎、对重要森林资源（如有价值的棕榈果）的过度开发、采矿和/或将森林转变为农业用途。全球环境驱动因素源于世界气候变暖。然而，目前尚不清楚这些当地压力和不断变化的环境条件将如何改变拉丁美洲森林的构成，以及人类影响之间是否存在阈值，例如严重破碎的森林景观中缺乏分散剂或气候条件超出物种耐受限度- 以及森林植物的群落水平反应。我们的目标是对此进行调查，支持制定能够保护这些森林的多样性及其功能的战略。我们通过调查这些森林的多样性和功能之间的关系来实现这一目标；探讨森林利用和气候变化的压力是否会导致运作出现阈值；通过实验测试反应；以及将预测能力推广到大规模。 ARBOLES 旨在通过将现有的森林清查方法与尖端功能性状、基因组学、实验和遥感方法相结合来实现这些目标。我们的方法包括将森林地块与植物性状相结合，这将使我们能够描述森林随时间的状态和变化。面对当地的人类干扰以及不断变化的气候和大气成分。我们将重点关注以下几个方面的性状：（i）衡量结构投资（如木材密度、单位面积叶量、最大高度）的生命史策略，（ii）对生产器官的投资（如叶子养分），（iii） ) 对生殖器官的投资，(iv) 对水胁迫和热胁迫的耐受性。这项工作是与阿根廷、巴西、智利和秘鲁的研究小组合作进行的，并将首次对人类如何影响拉丁美洲森林进行跨大陆评估。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Pantropical modelling of canopy functional traits using Sentinel-2 remote sensing data

DOI：
10.1016/j.rse.2020.112122
发表时间：
2021-01-01
期刊：
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
影响因子：
13.5
作者：
Aguirre-Gutierrez, Jesus;Rifal, Sami;Malhi, Yadvinder
通讯作者：
Malhi, Yadvinder

Vessel tapering is conserved along a precipitation gradient in tropical trees of the genus Cedrela

DOI：
10.1007/s00468-022-02345-6
发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
Trees
影响因子：
0
作者：
Alexander Chambers-Ostler;E. Gloor;D. Galbraith;P. Groenendijk;Roel Brienen
通讯作者：
Alexander Chambers-Ostler;E. Gloor;D. Galbraith;P. Groenendijk;Roel Brienen

Trees at the Amazonia-Cerrado transition are approaching high temperature thresholds