Sea Salt Aerosol above Arctic Sea Ice - sources, processes and climate impacts (SSAASI-CLIM)

北极海冰上方的海盐气溶胶 - 来源、过程和气候影响 (SSAASI-CLIM)

• 批准号: NE/S00257X/1
• 负责人: Markus Frey
• 金额: $ 51.4万
• 依托单位: British Antarctic Survey
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS00257X%2F1
• 关键词: Sea; Salt; Aerosol; above; Arctic

Sea salt aerosol (SSA) may influence regional climate directly through scattering of radiation or indirectly via its role as cloud-forming particles. While it is well known that SSA can be cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) forming cloud droplets, it has been shown only recently that SSA can also be a source of ice nucleating particles (INP) forming ice crystals, depending on its chemical composition and surface shape. Arctic clouds are poorly represented in climate models, which is partly due to a lack of understanding of source and nucleating capability of natural aerosol in the high Arctic. Aerosol models for example do currently not capture aerosol maxima in the Arctic winter/spring observed at high latitudes. Recent field campaigns provide first evidence of a hypothesized source of SSA from salty blowing snow (BSn) above sea ice. During storms salty snow gets lofted into the air and undergoes sublimation to generate SSA. Additional but minor SSA sea ice sources are frost flowers and open leads. The impact on radiation and clouds of SSA from this new source of SSA above sea ice is not known. However, a quantitative understanding of natural aerosol processes and climate interactions is needed to provide a baseline against which to assess anthropogenic pollution reaching the Arctic and evaluate the success of mitigation measures. We therefore propose to determine the SSA source, fate and potential impact on Arctic climate associated with blowing snow above sea ice and other sea ice sources. To do this we seek funding to participate in the year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) to observe aerosol processes in the central Arctic ocean throughout all seasons. Proposed measurements on the sea ice and on-board "FS Polarstern" include particle size and concentration (sub-micron to snow particle size), INP concentrations, and a range of chemical properties using aerosol filters. Sampling of snow on sea ice, brine, frost flowers will constrain the local source of SSA. Tethered balloon launches will yield information on the fate of particles formed near the sea ice surface as they get lofted to heights where clouds may form.

海盐气溶胶（SSA）可以通过辐射散射或间接地通过其作为云形成颗粒的作用来影响区域气候。众所周知，SSA可以是形成云滴的云凝结核（CCN），但直到最近才显示SSA也可以是形成冰晶的冰核颗粒（INP）的来源，取决于其化学晶体和表面形状。北极云在气候模型中的代表性很差，这部分是由于对北极高北极气溶胶的来源缺乏了解和成核能力。例如，气溶胶模型当前在高纬度时观察到的北极冬季/春季中没有捕获气溶胶最大值。最近的现场运动提供了第一个证据表明，海冰上方咸雪（BSN）的假设SSA来源。在暴风雨中，咸雪大放异在空中，并经过升华以产生SSA。其他SSA海冰源是霜花和开放式铅。尚不清楚从海冰上方的新的SSA来源对SSA的辐射和云的影响。但是，需要对天然气溶胶过程和气候相互作用的定量理解，以提供基线，以评估人为污染到达北极的污染并评估缓解措施的成功。因此，我们建议确定与海冰上方吹雪和其他海冰源有关的SSA来源，命运和潜在影响。为此，我们寻求资金参加为期一年的多学科漂流观测站，以研究北极气候（Mosaic），以观察整个季节中部北极海洋中的气溶胶过程。建议在海冰和板载“ FS Polarstern”上进行的测量包括粒径和浓度（雪粒尺寸为雪粒径），INP浓度以及使用气溶胶过滤器的一系列化学性质。在海冰，盐水，霜花上进行雪的采样将限制SSA的当地来源。束缚气球发射将在海冰表面附近形成的颗粒的命运中产生信息，因为它们被抬高到可能形成云的高度。

项目成果

Implementation and Impacts of Surface and Blowing Snow Sources of Arctic Bromine Activation Within WRF-Chem 4.1.1.

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ms002391
• 发表时间: 2021-08
• 期刊: Journal of advances in modeling earth systems
• 影响因子: 6.8
• 作者: Marelle L;Thomas JL;Ahmed S;Tuite K;Stutz J;Dommergue A;Simpson WR;Frey MM;Baladima F
• 通讯作者: Baladima F

Study of an Arctic blowing snow-induced bromine explosion event in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard.

对斯瓦尔巴群岛尼勒松的北极吹雪引起的溴爆炸事件的研究。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156335
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: Chen D

Untangling the influence of Antarctic and Southern Ocean life on clouds

解开南极和南大洋生命对云的影响

• DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2022.00130
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Science of the Anthropocene
• 作者: Mallet M

The Representation of Sea Salt Aerosols and Their Role in Polar Climate Within CMIP6

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jd038235
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: R. Lapere;Jennie L. Thomas;L. Marelle;A. Ekman;M. Frey;M. Lund;R. Makkonen;A. Ranjithkumar;M. Salter;B. Samset;M. Schulz;L. Sogacheva;Xin Yang;P. Zieger

Snow Loss Into Leads in Arctic Sea Ice: Minimal in Typical Wintertime Conditions, but High During a Warm and Windy Snowfall Event

北极海冰中的积雪流失量：在典型的冬季条件下极小，但在温暖多风的降雪事件中很高

• DOI: 10.1029/2023gl102816
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Clemens‐Sewall, David;Polashenski, Chris;Frey, Markus M.;Cox, Christopher J.;Granskog, Mats A.;Macfarlane, Amy R.;Fons, Steven W.;Schmale, Julia;Hutchings, Jennifer K.;von Albedyll, Luisa
• 通讯作者: von Albedyll, Luisa