FAPESP - Restoring Neotropical dry ecosystems - is plant functional composition the key to success?

FAPESP - 恢复新热带干燥生态系统 - 植物功能组成是成功的关键吗？

基本信息

批准号：
NE/S000011/1
负责人：
Lucy Rowland
金额：
$ 85.28万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS000011%2F1
关键词：
FAPESP Restoring Neotropical dry ecosystems

项目摘要

Despite their global importance and poor protection, TDFS have been studied far less than other tropical forest ecosystems, particularly TDFS areas undergoing restoration. We aim to address this recently identified knowledge gap with the aim of improving the success of TDFS restoration. This project will provide the first assessment of the resilience of existing and restored TDFS to changing climate and climate extremes, through undertaking a comprehensive, community-scale assessment of traits which determine plant water-use, carbon production and nutrient-use strategies across restored TDFS sites. The information generated in this project will create a step-change in our current understanding of the function of restored and natural TDFS sites, facilitating development of state-of-the art vegetation models to improve climate prediction and the creation of new restoration policy through integrating with key stakeholders responsible for the creation and implementation of restoration strategies for Brazil. Our key aims are:Aim 1: Evaluate ecosystem function in TDFS sites restored using different strategies.Aim 2: Understand the pressures on TDFS from climate-change and climate extremes.Aim 3: Improve policy and restoration strategies for the restoration of, and long-term resilience of TDFS in collaboration with the Brazilian government.Tropical dry forests and savannas (TDFS) make up 34% of Brazil's land area and contain >50% of Brazil's plant species. More than 100 million people live in TDFS regions of Brazil and many of these people are from rural vulnerable communities who rely on essential ecosystem services TDFS provide. These services include: 1. water supply, shade and pollinators for Brazil's agricultural frontier; 2. national water security, with 43% of the surface water outside the Amazon falling in TDFS and supplying the aquifers which feed Brazil's three largest river basins; 3. a source of timber and food; 4. carbon storage for climate change mitigation; 5. areas of natural beauty, used extensively for tourism; 6. a living seed bank for >4500 woody plant species, many of which are endemic. Despite this, TDFS remain poorly protected with only 1.2% of dry forests and 7.5% of savannas in protected reserves and <10% of Brazil's dry forest and <20% of its savannahs remaining intact. Recognising the social, economic and environmental implications of the current rates of loss of TDFS, the Brazilian government has responded by committing to restoring 120,000 km2 (an area about half the UK) of natural ecosystems by 2030, with a focus on TDFS. Brazil's Ministry for the Environment (ICMBio) and Ministry for Agriculture (EMBRAPA) have started implementing this restoration plan. However, success rates of restored TDFS areas remains very low, with high variability between areas subjected to varying restoration strategies. The reasons for low success and high variability between strategies remains unknown, hampering current ability to meet national restoration targets. Until now, all TDFS restoration strategies have focused on re-creating the species composition observed in natural, undisturbed TDFS habitats. This focus has assumed that species diversity is synonymous with maximizing ecosystem productivity and resistance to climate variability, yet it ignores the suitability of these species to the new drier and disturbed environment they experience in degraded landscapes. The latest research from tropical rainforests broadly suggests that focusing only on species' diversity is too narrow. Instead, plant resource use strategies, and particularly hydraulic functional traits are likely to be the key to determining ecosystem-scale function and the resistance and resilience of TDFS ecosystems to current and future climate variability. To successfully protect and restore TDFS it is therefore vital that the current lack of understanding about ecosystem function and plant resource-use strategies in TDFS is addressed.

尽管 TDFS 具有全球重要性且保护不力，但对 TDFS 的研究远远少于其他热带森林生态系统，特别是正在恢复的 TDFS 地区。我们的目标是解决最近发现的这一知识差距，以提高 TDFS 恢复的成功率。该项目将通过对确定恢复的 TDFS 中植物用水、碳生产和养分利用策略的特征进行全面的社区规模评估，首次评估现有和恢复的 TDFS 对气候变化和极端气候的恢复能力网站。该项目生成的信息将彻底改变我们目前对恢复和自然 TDFS 场地功能的理解，促进最先进的植被模型的开发，以改善气候预测，并通过整合与负责制定和实施巴西恢复战略的主要利益相关者合作。我们的主要目标是：目标 1：评估使用不同策略恢复的 TDFS 地点的生态系统功能。目标 2：了解气候变化和极端气候对 TDFS 的压力。目标 3：改进恢复和长期恢复的政策和恢复策略- TDFS 与巴西政府合作的长期复原力。热带干燥森林和稀树草原 (TDFS) 占巴西土地面积的 34%，并包含超过 50% 的巴西植物物种。巴西 TDFS 地区有超过 1 亿人居住，其中许多人来自农村脆弱社区，他们依赖 TDFS 提供的基本生态系统服务。这些服务包括： 1. 巴西农业前沿的供水、遮荫和传粉媒介； 2. 国家水安全，亚马逊以外 43% 的地表水属于 TDFS，为巴西三大河流域的含水层供水； 3. 木材和食物的来源； 4. 减缓气候变化的碳储存； 5. 广泛用于旅游的自然风景区； 6. 超过 4500 种木本植物的活种子库，其中许多是特有的。尽管如此，TDFS 的保护仍然很差，受保护的保护区中只有 1.2% 的干燥森林和 7.5% 的稀树草原，而巴西不到 10% 的干燥森林和不到 20% 的稀树草原保持完好。认识到当前 TDFS 损失率对社会、经济和环境的影响，巴西政府做出了回应，承诺到 2030 年恢复 120,000 平方公里（约为英国面积的一半）自然生态系统，重点是 TDFS。巴西环境部 (ICMBio) 和农业部 (EMBRAPA) 已开始实施该恢复计划。然而，恢复 TDFS 区域的成功率仍然很低，并且采用不同恢复策略的区域之间存在很大差异。策略之间成功率低且差异大的原因仍不清楚，这阻碍了当前实现国家恢复目标的能力。到目前为止，所有 TDFS 恢复策略都侧重于重建在自然、未受干扰的 TDFS 栖息地中观察到的物种组成。这种关注假设物种多样性是最大化生态系统生产力和抵抗气候变化的同义词，但它忽略了这些物种对它们在退化景观中经历的新的干燥和受干扰环境的适应性。热带雨林的最新研究普遍表明，仅关注物种多样性的范围过于狭隘。相反，植物资源利用策略，特别是水力功能特征可能是确定生态系统规模功能以及 TDFS 生态系统对当前和未来气候变化的抵抗力和恢复力的关键。因此，为了成功保护和恢复 TDFS，解决目前对 TDFS 生态系统功能和植物资源利用策略缺乏了解的问题至关重要。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Soil properties and geomorphic processes influence vegetation composition, structure, and function in the Cerrado Domain

土壤特性和地貌过程影响塞拉多域的植被组成、结构和功能

DOI：
10.1007/s11104-022-05517-y
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Plant and Soil
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Lira-Martins D
通讯作者：
Lira-Martins D

How effective is direct seeding to restore the functional composition of neotropical savannas?

直播对恢复新热带稀树草原功能组成的效果如何？

DOI：
10.1111/rec.13474
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Restoration Ecology
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Giles A
通讯作者：
Giles A

Mapping native and non-native vegetation in the Brazilian Cerrado using freely available satellite products.

DOI：
10.1038/s41598-022-05332-6
发表时间：
2022-01-28
期刊：
Scientific reports
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Lewis K;de V Barros F;Cure MB;Davies CA;Furtado MN;Hill TC;Hirota M;Martins DL;Mazzochini GG;Mitchard ETA;Munhoz CBR;Oliveira RS;Sampaio AB;Saraiva NA;Schmidt IB;Rowland L
通讯作者：
Rowland L

Challenges and directions for open ecosystems biodiversity restoration: An overview of the techniques applied for Cerrado

开放生态系统生物多样性恢复的挑战和方向：塞拉多应用技术概述