Polar Expertise - Supporting Development

Polar 专业知识 - 支持发展

• 批准号: NE/R000107/1
• 负责人: David Vaughan
• 金额: $ 164.88万
• 依托单位: British Antarctic Survey
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR000107%2F1
• 关键词: Polar; Expertise; Supporting; Development

Working in the Polar Regions, BAS has developed expertise, instrumentation and modelling techniques that have wider applicability, e.g. where research can contribute to development goals. We propose two strands of research in ODA countries that build upon the strengths of BAS as an interdisciplinary survey and research institute, and which continue strands of research begun in recent years under grant funding: one focused on water resources in the Indian section of the Indus river basin, and the other on the long term security of ecosystem services on South Atlantic Islands. Access to water in India is a key development challenge (UN SDG 6) as population growth, a rapidly expanding economy and a large agricultural sector compete for increasingly scarce or variable supplies, and this is likely to be exacerbated by predicted climate change. Already, almost 95% of Indus river flow is extracted to feed the world's largest system of irrigated agriculture, particularly in Indian and Pakistani Punjab, which supports 237 million people and growing. The Indus river system originates in the western Himalayas, fed by snow and glacier melt and precipitation. Snow cover and glaciers in this region have shrunk dramatically in recent years, posing a serious threat to this water supply, but almost none of its thousands of glaciers have any ice thickness measurements and so the size of the region's ice reserves is unknown. Furthermore, the fundamental precipitation inputs to this river basin are sparsely measured and poorly understood. This proposal will address these deficiencies by adapting existing BAS polar radar techniques to survey glacier volumes from the air, and developing a high resolution atmospheric model to characterise local climate variability (particularly by improving its representation of cloud microphysics and how this affects simulated precipitation). When linked to wider glacio-hydrological modelling studies (e.g. those to be undertaken by partners in India) this will lead to better understanding of present-day and future water availability, resulting in better informed policy decisions on Indus river water use.The food security and economies of isolated island communities in the South Atlantic, in particular Tristan da Cunha and St Helena, are heavily reliant on harvesting marine resources and, to a lesser degree, tourism. Most of these resources are taken from the small coastal shelf areas and seamounts that are isolated in vast areas of deep ocean. Understanding how vulnerable these resources are to current and future harvesting, climate change and species invasion will be key to maintaining the future economic and cultural security of these communities. We propose to deploy a multi-disciplinary team to construct a food-web for the exploited marine populations that will allow us to identify critical links in the food chain and to assess their vulnerability. Scientific cruises and land-based fieldwork, complemented by ocean model simulations, will allow us to understand the variability and eventually to identify any longer term trends, including climate change signals.The key to this project is that it will integrate all previous studies to develop a long term study methodology that will improve our understanding of the causes and consequences of environmental change to the coastal shelf ecosystem. It would leave a legacy of robust oceanographic and food web modelling that will provide the scientific information necessary to develop policies to manage marine ecosystem resources, especially those relating to food security and eco-tourism. Moreover, whilst feeding directly into Island governmental planning, the outputs from this research will also feed into a number of International organisations that are actively involved in conservation of marine biodiversity.

BAS在极地地区工作，开发了具有更广泛适用性的专业知识，仪器和建模技术，例如研究可以为发展目标做出贡献。我们建议在ODA国家进行两组研究，这些研究基于BAS作为跨学科调查和研究所的优势，并继续在近年来始于授予资金下的研究束：一种侧重于印度河流盆地印度地区的水资源，另一种是在南大西洋岛上的生态系统服务的长期安全服务上。随着人口增长，经济迅速扩大和大型农业部门的竞争，印度的水在印度是一个关键的发展挑战（UN SDG 6），争夺日益稀缺或可变的供应，这可能会因预测的气候变化而加剧。已经提取了几乎95％的印度河流流量，以喂养世界上最大的灌溉农业系统，特别是在印度和巴基斯坦旁遮普邦，该系统支持2.37亿人，并成长。印度河系统起源于喜马拉雅河西部，由雪和冰川融化和降水供应。近年来，该地区的积雪和冰川幅度巨大，对这种供水构成了严重威胁，但几乎没有其成千上万的冰川都具有任何冰厚度测量，因此该地区的冰储备的大小尚不清楚。此外，该河流盆地的基本降水输入稀疏测量且理解不足。该建议将通过调整现有的BAS极性雷达技术来调查空气中的冰川体积，并开发高分辨率大气模型来表征局部气候变异性（尤其是通过改善其对云微物理学的表示以及这如何影响模拟的降水）来解决这些缺陷。当与更广泛的葡萄植物学建模研究（例如，印度合作伙伴进行的研究）有关，这将使人们更好地了解当今和未来的水的可用性，从而更好地了解印度河河水使用的粮食安全和孤立的岛屿社区的经济。旅游业。这些资源中的大多数均取自在深海广阔地区隔离的小型沿海货架区域和海拔。了解这些资源对当前和未来的收获，气候变化和物种入侵是如何脆弱的，这对于维持这些社区的未来经济和文化安全至关重要。我们建议部署一个多学科的团队，为被剥削的海洋人群建造一个食品网络，这将使我们能够确定食物链中的关键联系并评估其脆弱性。科学巡航和基于土地的实地调查，并由海洋模型模拟补充，将使我们能够理解可变性，并最终确定任何长期趋势，包括气候变化信号。该项目的关键是，它将整合所有以前的研究，以开发长期的研究方法，以提高我们对环境变化与沿海货架生态系统的理解和后果的理解。它将留下强大的海洋和食品网络建模的遗产，该遗产将提供制定政策以管理海洋生态系统资源的科学信息，尤其是与粮食安全和生态旅游有关的资源。此外，在直接进入岛屿政府规划的同时，这项研究的产出还将进食许多积极参与海洋生物多样性保护的国际组织。

项目成果

Protecting Antarctic blue carbon: as marine ice retreats can the law fill the gap?

保护南极蓝碳：随着海冰消退，法律能否填补空白？

• DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2019.1694482
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Climate Policy
• 影响因子: 7.1
• 作者: Gogarty B

Benthic Assemblage Composition of South Atlantic Seamounts

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.660648
• 发表时间: 2021-10-22
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Bridges, Amelia E. H.;Barnes, David K. A.;Howell, Kerry L.
• 通讯作者: Howell, Kerry L.

Climate Mitigation through Biological Conservation: Extensive and Valuable Blue Carbon Natural Capital in Tristan da Cunha's Giant Marine Protected Zone.

• DOI: 10.3390/biology10121339
• 发表时间: 2021-12-16
• 期刊: Biology
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Barnes DKA;Bell JB;Bridges AE;Ireland L;Howell KL;Martin SM;Sands CJ;Mora Soto A;Souster T;Flint G;Morley SA
• 通讯作者: Morley SA

Using globally threatened pelagic birds to identify priority sites for marine conservation in the South Atlantic Ocean

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2017.05.009
• 发表时间: 2017-07-01
• 期刊: BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
• 影响因子: 5.9
• 作者: Dias, Maria P.;Oppel, Steffen;Ryan, Peter G.
• 通讯作者: Ryan, Peter G.

On the microphysical processing of aged combustion aerosols impacting warm rain microphysics over Asian megacities

老化燃烧气溶胶的微物理过程对亚洲大城市暖雨微物理的影响

• 期刊: Theoretical and Applied Climatology
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Gumber S.