Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics and Fluxes over Shelf Systems

货架系统上的碳和养分动态及通量

• 批准号: NE/K001760/1
• 负责人: Stephanie Wilson
• 金额: $ 8.48万
• 依托单位: Bangor University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK001760%2F1
• 关键词: Carbon; Nutrient; Dynamics; Fluxes; over

The large continental land masses are surrounded by extensive shallow (ca 100m depth) seas known as the 'shelf seas'. These act as the boundary between the massively perturbed terrestrial environment and the vast open ocean marine system, and have huge socio-economic importance. They are the primary regions of human marine resource exploitation, including both renewable and fossil fuel energy sources, recreation, trade and food production. Although comprising only about 5% of the global ocean surface area, the shelf seas provide 90% of the global fish catches which form an important source of food to much of the global population. They also play an important role in the ecosystem services provided by the oceans as a whole, in particular in storing carbon away from the atmosphere.Physical and biochemical processes in shelf seas influence the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere and the subsequent storage of carbon in the deep ocean. Biological growth draws carbon out of the water, which is then replaced by carbon in CO2 from the atmosphere. In the shelf seas this growth is supported by terrestrial and open ocean sources of nutrients, implying intimate roles for both the terrestrial biosphere and the open ocean environment in regulating shelf sea climate services. The oceans can also be a major source or sink for other greenhouse gases, including nitrous oxide (N2O), with the shallow shelf seas thought to play a key role.The spatial extent of the submerged continental shelves varies greatly. The NW European shelf sea is one of the largest and hence is likely to play a significant role in marine biogeochemical cycling, alongside providing a useful model for other systems However, even in this relatively well studied region, we lack a good understanding of the principal controls on the cycling of carbon and the major nutrient elements, nitrogen, phosphorous and silicon. Consequently it is also difficult to predict how the cycling of these elements and hence the carbon removal they support may be altered by ongoing and potential future global change. Our proposal aims to address these uncertainties through a comprehensive study of the cycling of the major nutrients and carbon throughout the water column over the NW European shelf sea system.Through close collaboration with a range of partners, we will undertake a year-long observation programme of the whole NW European continental shelf. We will measure the seawater concentrations of the major forms of carbon and nutrients. Combining these with physical water transports and measured transfer of gases (specifically CO2 and N2O) between the air and sea surface, we will quantify the major fluxes of nutrients and carbon between the shelf sea and both the adjacent deep ocean and atmosphere. This will definitively establish the role of this shelf system in the global carbon and nutrient cycles. We will also undertake 4 dedicated research cruises focused on understanding the seasonal cycle of biological and chemical processing of the different forms of the nutrients and carbon. We will measure the rates at which both the photosynthetic and consumer plankton incorporate nutrients and carbon into their cellular material, and subsequently how the combined activity of this biological/chemical system influences the cycling of the major elements. This will allow us to understand the ways in which the role of the shelf system in global cycles is maintained.The combined work delivered by both this proposal and the other programme workpackages will allow us to identify aspects of the NW European shelf system which may be susceptible to ongoing or future environmental changes. Such knowledge will provide both enhanced scientific understanding and improved predictive tools for policy makers and other stakeholders.

大片大陆块被广阔的浅海（深度约 100 米）包围，被称为“陆架海”。它们是严重扰动的陆地环境和广阔的公海海洋系统之间的边界，具有巨大的社会经济重要性。它们是人类海洋资源开发的主要区域，包括可再生能源和化石燃料能源、娱乐、贸易和粮食生产。虽然陆架海仅占全球海洋表面积的 5% 左右，但其渔获量却占全球的 90%，是全球许多人口的重要食物来源。它们还在整个海洋提供的生态系统服务中发挥着重要作用，特别是在储存远离大气的碳方面。陆架海的物理和生化过程影响着大气中二氧化碳的去除以及随后在海洋中的碳储存。深海。生物生长从水中吸收碳，然后被大气中二氧化碳中的碳取代。在陆架海，这种增长得到陆地和公海营养物来源的支持，这意味着陆地生物圈和公海环境在调节陆架海气候服务方面发挥着密切作用。海洋也可能是其他温室气体（包括一氧化二氮（N2O））的主要源或汇，其中浅海陆架海被认为发挥着关键作用。水下大陆架的空间范围变化很​​大。欧洲西北部陆架海是最大的陆架海之一，因此可能在海洋生物地球化学循环中发挥重要作用，同时为其他系统提供有用的模型。然而，即使在这个研究相对充分的区域，我们也缺乏对其主要原理的充分了解。控制碳和主要营养元素氮、磷和硅的循环。因此，也很难预测这些元素的循环以及它们所支持的碳去除可能会如何因持续和潜在的未来全球变化而改变。我们的提案旨在通过全面研究欧洲西北部陆架海系统整个水体中主要营养物和碳的循环来解决这些不确定性。通过与一系列合作伙伴的密切合作，我们将开展为期一年的观测计划整个欧洲西北部大陆架。我们将测量海水中主要形式的碳和营养物的浓度。将这些与物理水传输以及空气和海面之间的气体（特别是二氧化碳和一氧化二氮）的测量传输相结合，我们将量化陆架海与邻近的深海和大气之间的营养物和碳的主要通量。这将明确确定该陆架系统在全球碳和养分循环中的作用。我们还将进行 4 次专门的研究航行，重点是了解不同形式的营养物和碳的生物和化学加工的季节性循环。我们将测量光合作用和消费浮游生物将营养物和碳吸收到其细胞材料中的速率，以及随后该生物/化学系统的组合活动如何影响主要元素的循环。这将使我们能够了解维持大陆架系统在全球循环中的作用的方式。该提案和其他计划工作包提供的综合工作将使我们能够确定欧洲西北部大陆架系统的各个方面，这些方面可能是容易受到当前或未来环境变化的影响。这些知识将为政策制定者和其他利益相关者提供增强的科学理解和改进的预测工具。

项目成果

Shelf Sea Biogeochemistry: Nutrient and carbon cycling in a temperate shelf sea water column

陆架海洋生物地球化学：温带陆架海水柱中的营养物和碳循环

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102182
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Progress in Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Sharples J

Impact of vertical mixing on sea surface p CO 2 in temperate seasonally stratified shelf seas

温带季节性分层陆架海垂直混合对海面p CO 2 的影响

• DOI: http://dx.10.1002/2014jc010089
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Oceans
• 作者: Rippeth T

Correcting Surface Wave Bias in Structure Function Estimates of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate

修正湍流动能耗散率结构函数估计中的表面波偏差

• DOI: http://dx.10.1175/jtech-d-17-0059.1
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Scannell B