CO-ORDINATING AND PUMP-PRIMING INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS FOR DIRECT MONITORING OF ACTIVE TURBIDITY CURRENTS AT GLOBAL 'TEST SITES'

协调并推动国际努力直接监测全球“试验点”的主动浊度流

• 批准号: NE/M017540/2
• 负责人: Peter Talling
• 金额: $ 36.29万
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM017540%2F2
• 关键词: CO; ORDINATING; PUMP; PRIMING; INTERNATIONAL

Turbidity currents are the volumetrically most import process for sediment transport on our planet. A single submarine flow can transport ten times the annual sediment flux from all of the world's rivers, and they form the largest sediment accumulations on Earth (submarine fans). These flows break strategically important seafloor cable networks that carry > 95% of global data traffic, including the internet and financial markets, and threaten expensive seabed infrastructure used to recover oil and gas. Ancient flows form many deepwater subsurface oil and gas reservoirs in locations worldwide. It is sobering to note quite how few direct measurements we have from submarine flows in action, which is a stark contrast to other major sediment transport processes such as rivers. Sediment concentration is the most fundamental parameter for documenting what turbidity currents are, and it has never been measured for flows that reach submarine fans. How then do we know what type of flow to model in flume tanks, or which assumptions to use to formulate numerical or analytical models? There is a compelling need to monitor flows directly if we are to make step changes in understanding. The flows evolve significantly, such that source to sink data is needed, and we need to monitor flows in different settings because their character can vary significantly. This project will coordinate and pump-prime international efforts to monitor turbidity currents in action. Work will be focussed around key 'test sites' that capture the main types of flows and triggers. The objective is to build up complete source-to-sink information at key sites, rather than producing more incomplete datasets in disparate locations. Test sites are chosen where flows are known to be active - occurring on annual or shorter time scale, where previous work provides a basis for future projects, and where there is access to suitable infrastructure (e.g. vessels). The initial test sites include turbidity current systems fed by rivers, where the river enters marine or freshwater, and where plunging ('hyperpycnal') river floods are common or absent. They also include locations that produce powerful flows that reach the deep ocean and build submarine fans. The project is novel because there has been no comparable network established for monitoring turbidity currentsNumerical and laboratory modelling will also be needed to understand the significance of the field observations, and our aim is also to engage modellers in the design and analysis of monitoring datasets. This work will also help to test the validity of various types of model. We will collect sediment cores and seismic data to study the longer term evolution of systems, and the more infrequent types of flow. Understanding how deposits are linked to flows is important for outcrop and subsurface oil and gas reservoir geologists.This proposal is timely because of recent efforts to develop novel technology for monitoring flows that hold great promise. This suite of new technology is needed because turbidity currents can be extremely powerful (up to 20 m/s) and destroy sensors placed on traditional moorings on the seafloor. This includes new sensors, new ways of placing those sensors above active flows or in near-bed layers, and new ways of recovering data via autonomous gliders. Key preliminary data are lacking in some test sites, such as detailed bathymetric base-maps or seismic datasets. Our final objective is to fill in key gaps in 'site-survey' data to allow larger-scale monitoring projects to be submitted in the future.This project will add considerable value to an existing NERC Grant to monitor flows in Monterey Canyon in 2014-2017, and a NERC Industry Fellowship hosted by submarine cable operators. Talling is PI for two NERC Standard Grants, a NERC Industry Fellowship and NERC Research Programme Consortium award. He is also part of a NERC Centre, and thus fulfils all four criteria for the scheme.

浊流是地球上沉积物输送中体积最重要的过程。单一的海底流可以输送世界上所有河流每年沉积物通量的十倍，它们形成了地球上最大的沉积物堆积（海底扇）。这些流量破坏了具有重要战略意义的海底电缆网络，该网络承载着全球 95% 以上的数据流量，包括互联网和金融市场，并威胁到用于开采石油和天然气的昂贵的海底基础设施。古代水流在世界各地形成了许多深水地下油气藏。值得注意的是，我们对海底流动的直接测量非常少，这与河流等其他主要沉积物输送过程形成鲜明对比。沉积物浓度是记录浊流的最基本参数，但从未测量过到达海底风扇的流量。那么我们如何知道在水槽中模拟什么类型的流动，或者使用哪些假设来制定数值或分析模型？如果我们要在理解方面做出重大改变，就迫切需要直接监控流量。流量显着变化，因此需要从源到汇的数据，并且我们需要监控不同设置中的流量，因为它们的特征可能存在很大差异。该项目将协调和推动国际上监测浊流的努力。工作将集中在捕获主要类型的流程和触发器的关键“测试站点”。目标是在关键地点建立完整的源到汇信息，而不是在不同地点生成更多不完整的数据集。测试地点选择在已知流动活跃的地方——每年或更短的时间尺度上发生，以前的工作为未来项目提供基础，并且可以使用合适的基础设施（例如船舶）。最初的测试地点包括由河流供给的浊流系统，河流进入海洋或淡水的地方，以及暴跌（“超重”）河流洪水常见或不存在的地方。它们还包括产生强大水流到达深海并形成海底风扇的地点。该项目很新颖，因为还没有建立用于监测浊流的可比网络。还需要数值和实验室建模来理解现场观测的重要性，我们的目标也是让建模者参与监测数据集的设计和分析。这项工作也将有助于测试各种类型模型的有效性。我们将收集沉积物岩心和地震数据，以研究系统的长期演化以及更罕见的流动类型。了解沉积物与流量的关系对于露头和地下油气藏地质学家来说非常重要。这项建议是及时的，因为最近在开发监测流量的新技术方面前景广阔。之所以需要这套新技术，是因为浊流可能非常强大（高达 20 m/s），会破坏放置在海底传统系泊装置上的传感器。这包括新的传感器、将这些传感器放置在活动流上方或近床层的新方法，以及通过自主滑翔机恢复数据的新方法。一些试验场缺乏关键的初步数据，例如详细的测深底图或地震数据集。我们的最终目标是填补“现场调查”数据中的关键空白，以便将来能够提交更大规模的监测项目。该项目将为现有的 NERC 拨款增加相当大的价值，以监测 2014 年蒙特利峡谷的水流 - 2017 年，以及由海底电缆运营商主办的 NERC 行业奖学金。 Talling 是两项 NERC 标准拨款、NERC 行业奖学金和 NERC 研究计划联盟奖的 PI。他也是 NERC 中心的成员，因此满足该计划的所有四个标准。

项目成果

Newly recognized turbidity current structure can explain prolonged flushing of submarine canyons.

• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700200
• 发表时间: 2017-10
• 期刊: Science advances
• 影响因子: 13.6
• 作者: Azpiroz-Zabala M;Cartigny MJB;Talling PJ;Parsons DR;Sumner EJ;Clare MA;Simmons SM;Cooper C;Pope EL
• 通讯作者: Pope EL

Submarine Mass Movements and their Consequences - 7th International Symposium

潜艇质量运动及其后果 - 第七届国际研讨会

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20979-1_14
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Krastel S

A General Model for the Helical Structure of Geophysical Flows in Channel Bends

• DOI: 10.1002/2017gl075721
• 发表时间: 2017-12
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: M. Azpiroz-Zabala;M. Cartigny;E. Sumner;M. Clare;P. Talling;D. Parsons;C. Cooper

Which Triggers Produce the Most Erosive, Frequent, and Longest Runout Turbidity Currents on Deltas?

• DOI: 10.1002/2017gl075751
• 发表时间: 2017-12
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: J. Hizzett;J. Clarke;E. Sumner;M. Cartigny;P. Talling;M. Clare

What controls submarine channel development and the morphology of deltas entering deep-water fjords?

• DOI: 10.1002/esp.4515
• 发表时间: 2019-02-01
• 期刊: EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Gales, Jenny A.;Talling, Peter J.;Clare, Michael A.
• 通讯作者: Clare, Michael A.