Understanding How Marine Renewable Device Operations Influence Fine Scale Habitat Use and Behaviour of Marine Vertebrates (RESPONSE)

了解海洋可再生设备运行如何影响海洋脊椎动物的精细栖息地利用和行为（响应）

• 批准号: NE/J004251/1
• 负责人: David Thompson
• 金额: $ 39.68万
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ004251%2F1
• 关键词: Understanding; How; Marine; Renewable; Device

With the rapid development and imminent deployment of tidal and wave devices and the expansion of offshore wind power there is a pressing need to understand how marine wildlife is going to be affected by these developments. Existing regulations and mitigation measures are based on assumed effects. Lack of information means that the regulations may be either too onerous and recommended mitigation measures may be unnecessary or ineffective. There is a clear need to improve our understanding of how animals perceive and respond to devices and how these responses affect their behaviour, distribution and ultimately fitness.The RESPONSE project is a multi-disciplinary study focussing on causal links between marine renewable devices (MRD) and changes in the fine-scale distribution and behaviour of marine vertebrates. The overall aim of the project is to identify and quantify actual risk of negative consequences and therefore remove one key layer of uncertainty in the scale of risk to the industry and natural environment. The main objectives are to:1. understand how stakeholders see the risks to the industry and to the environment.2. measure the fine scale distribution of marine wildlife in high tidal and wave energy sites to understand how seals, cetaceans, birds and large fish use such areas.3. characterise acoustic, visual and electromagnetic signals that MRDs produce and assess the reactions of marine wildlife to those cues.4. use the results in habitat preference models to infer zones of influence and avoidance associated with MRDs at both small and large scales.5. develop effective mitigation methods We will achieve these objectives through a set of inter-related sub projects that will:-1. bring together a UK wide group of regulators, conservation groups and industry to assess the perception of risk to the industry and environment posed by negative interactions with marine wildlife. 2. use novel, high resolution GPS transmitters for seals and state of the art passive acoustics, active sonar and visual observation techniques for porpoises, seabirds and fish to record details of their habitat use and behaviour in and around operational wave and tidal test sites and an un-developed high energy tide site. These studies will be co-ordinated with FLOWBEC, another NERC/Defra funded project monitoring the physical characteristics of the marine environment at these high energy sites3. carryout a programme of physical measurements to characterise the outputs of MRDs that have a potential to cause disturbance to marine wildlife. 4. carry out a series of controlled exposure/behaviour response trials with captive seals and with wild free ranging seals and porpoises. 5. use visual and acoustic observation data and the operating schedules of existing MRDs to assess the responses of seabirds to MRD operations. The results of 1 to 5 will be used to describe the effects of MRDs on individual animals over the short term, i.e. how they react to the stimuli, and over the medium to long term, i.e. how they change their movements and behaviour in response to exposure to the stimuli. These results will be used as direct input to the EBAO project, another NERC/Defra funded project modeling the potential impacts of large scale arrays of MRDs. This project will provide a step change in knowledge about the existence and importance of adverse effects of MRDs and provide an ability to predict impacts of

随着潮汐和波浪装置的快速发展和即将部署以及海上风力发电的扩展，迫切需要了解这些发展将如何影响海洋野生动物。现有法规和缓解措施是基于假设的影响。缺乏信息意味着法规可能过于繁琐，建议的缓解措施可能不必要或无效。显然，我们需要提高对动物如何感知和响应设备，以及这些响应如何影响它们的行为、分布和最终适应性的理解。RESPONSE 项目是一项多学科研究，重点关注海洋可再生设备 (MRD) 之间的因果关系以及海洋脊椎动物的精细分布和行为的变化。该项目的总体目标是识别和量化负面后果的实际风险，从而消除行业和自然环境风险规模的一个关键不确定性。主要目标是： 1．了解利益相关者如何看待行业和环境面临的风险。2．测量高潮汐和波浪能地点海洋野生动物的精细分布，以了解海豹、鲸目动物、鸟类和大型鱼类如何利用这些区域。3．表征 MRD 产生的声音、视觉和电磁信号，并评估海洋野生动物对这些信号的反应。4．使用栖息地偏好模型的结果来推断与小规模和大规模 MRD 相关的影响和回避区域。5．制定有效的缓解方法 我们将通过一系列相互关联的子项目来实现这些目标，这些子项目将：-1。将英国监管机构、保护团体和行业聚集在一起，评估与海洋野生动物的负面相互作用对行业和环境造成的风险的看法。 2. 使用用于海豹的新颖、高分辨率 GPS 发射器和最先进的被动声学、主动声纳和目视观察技术，用于海豚、海鸟和鱼类，以记录其栖息地使用和在操作波浪和潮汐测试地点周围的行为的详细信息未开发的高能潮汐地点。这些研究将与 FLOWBEC 协调，FLOWBEC 是 NERC/Defra 资助的另一个项目，用于监测这些高能地点海洋环境的物理特征3。实施物理测量计划，以表征可能对海洋野生动物造成干扰的 MRD 输出。 4. 对圈养海豹以及野生海豹和鼠海豚进行一系列受控暴露/行为反应试验。 5. 使用视觉和声学观测数据以及现有 MRD 的运行时间表来评估海鸟对 MRD 运行的反应。 1 至 5 的结果将用于描述 MRD 对个体动物的短期影响，即它们对刺激的反应，以及中长期的影响，即它们如何改变其运动和行为以响应刺激。暴露于刺激物。这些结果将用作 EBAO 项目的直接输入，该项目是 NERC/Defra 资助的另一个项目，对大规模 MRD 阵列的潜在影响进行建模。该项目将使人们对 MRD 不利影响的存在和重要性的认识发生重大变化，并提供预测 MRD 影响的能力。

项目成果

Three-dimensional movements of harbour seals in a tidally energetic channel: Application of a novel sonar tracking system

斑海豹在潮汐能通道中的三维运动：新型声纳跟踪系统的应用

• DOI: http://dx.10.1002/aqc.3017
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
• 作者: Hastie G

Harbour porpoise distribution can vary at small spatiotemporal scales in energetic habitats

在充满活力的栖息地中，港湾鼠海豚的分布可能会在小时空尺度上发生变化

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.07.002
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Topical Studies in Oceanography
• 作者: Benjamins S

Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies

使用受控暴露行为反应研究测量斑海豹对潜在厌恶声学缓解信号的反应

• DOI: http://dx.10.1002/aqc.3150
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
• 作者: Gordon J

Exposure of individual harbour seals ( Phoca vitulina ) and waters surrounding protected habitats to acoustic deterrent noise from aquaculture

个别斑海豹（Phoca vitulina）和受保护栖息地周围的水域暴露于水产养殖产生的声威慑噪音中

• DOI: http://dx.10.1002/aqc.3800
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
• 作者: Findlay C

Oceanography and Marine Biology - An Annual Review, Volume 53

海洋学和海洋生物学 - 年度回顾，第 53 卷

• DOI: http://dx.10.1201/b18733-2
• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Benjamins S