OCTOPUS (Ocean Circulation and Transport for Oil Propagation from Underwater Spills)

章鱼（海洋环流和水下泄漏石油传播的运输）

• 批准号: NE/L008106/1
• 负责人: Ekaterina Popova
• 金额: $ 5.58万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL008106%2F1
• 关键词: OCTOPUS; Ocean; Circulation; Transport; Oil

Although oil blowouts from the deep water drilling happen very rarely, their impact can be devastating, causing catastrophic damage to the wildlife and environment in both coastal and deep sea systems. When oil is released into the ocean, it undergoes chemical, physical and biological transformations affected by various seawater properties. However, it is ocean currents (and, for surface spills, wind) that determines the movement of oil towards either landfall or biologically sensitive areas in deep or shallow water. Consequently, as part of preparations for accidental spills, it is of critical importance that oil companies engaged in deep drilling assess the structure and variability of the ocean currents in the vicinity of their drilling locations, as well as provide scenarios of possible oil drift over a spill lifetime period of several months. By way of example, BP has a number of extant deep drilling locations in the Faeroe-Scotland channel. In their environmental statement for one of the wells (North Uist), BP uses ocean circulation data provided by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute to predict oil beaching. This reports that oil will most likely drift towards the northern coast of Norway, and that it will only beach there or on the Shetland Islands. At the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, we have developed an advanced ocean circulation model that allows the detailed description of ocean currents at all depths anywhere in the World Ocean. Using this model we have performed oil release experiments similar to those of the BP environmental statement. However, our preliminary results show that, although the major threat is indeed for the northern Norwegian mainland, there is also a significant probability of the spill reaching environmentally sensitive areas of the Svalbard, Iceland and Denmark. Furthermore, oil remaining at depth will drift west into the northern North Atlantic potentially threatening the abundant deep sea life there.These results illustrate the risk of relying on a single model when forecasting the far-reaching and potentially catastrophic consequences of oil spills. Using limited complexity models may result in the development of spill response strategies that overlook what ultimately may become serious impacts. Our project aims to engage with stakeholders such as BP and DECC to demonstrate advances in ocean modelling achieved by the National Oceanography Centre, and to collaboratively design model experiments to better forecast the impacts of potential blowouts in the Faeroe-Shetland area. These experiments will track the transport of oil both on the surface and in the deep water and determine how variability in the northern North Atlantic may affect the extent and severity of oil spill impacts. One of the advantages of our approach is the use of a global ocean model, such that similar studies can be easily repeated for other deep water drilling locations anywhere in the world. As part of this work, we will produce visualisations of the drifting oil and the ocean currents affecting it within an interactive display that demonstrates the worldwide reach of this system.

尽管深水钻井的石油井喷率很少发生，但它们的影响可能是毁灭性的，在沿海和深海系统中造成了灾难性的破坏野生动植物和环境。当石油被释放到海洋中时，它会经历受各种海水特性影响的化学，物理和生物转化。但是，是洋流（对于地面溢出，风）决定了油在深水或浅水中的登陆或生物敏感区域的运动。因此，作为意外溢出准备的准备的一部分，重要的是，从事深入钻探的石油公司评估其钻探地点附近洋流的结构和可变性，并提供可能在一个可能漂移的场景溢出寿命为几个月。举例来说，BP在Faeroe-Scotland频道中有许多现存的深钻孔位置。 BP在对其中一位井（North Uist）的环境声明中使用挪威气象研究所提供的海洋循环数据来预测石油沙滩。这报告说，石油很可能会向挪威北部海岸漂流，并且只会在那里或设得兰群岛上的海滩上漂流。在南安普敦的国家海洋学中心，我们开发了一种先进的海洋循环模型，该模型允许对世界海洋中任何深度的洋流进行详细描述。使用此模型，我们进行了与BP环境陈述相似的石油释放实验。但是，我们的初步结果表明，尽管确实对北部挪威大陆的主要威胁确实是溢油到达斯瓦尔巴群岛，冰岛和丹麦的环境敏感地区的很大可能性。此外，剩余深度的石油将向西流入北大西洋北部的潜在威胁到那里的深海生活。这些结果说明了在预测漏油物的深远且潜在的灾难性后果时依靠单一模型的风险。使用有限的复杂性模型可能会导致开发溢出响应策略，这些策略忽略了最终可能会成为严重影响的漏洞。我们的项目旨在与BP和DECC等利益相关者互动，以展示国家海洋学中心取得的海洋建模的进步，并协作设计模型实验，以更好地预测Faeroe-Shetland地区潜在井喷的影响。这些实验将跟踪石油在地表和深水中的运输，并确定北大西洋北部北部的变异性如何影响溢油撞击的程度和严重程度。我们方法的优点之一是使用全球海洋模型，因此，对于世界上任何地方的其他深水钻井位置，很容易重复类似的研究。作为这项工作的一部分，我们将在交互式显示器中产生流失的油和影响它的洋流的可视化，以展示该系统的全球范围。

项目成果

Simulating pathways of subsurface oil in the Faroe-Shetland Channel using an ocean general circulation model.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.041
• 发表时间: 2017-01
• 期刊: Marine pollution bulletin
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: C. Main;A. Yool;N. P. Holliday;E. Popova;D. O. Jones;H. Ruhl

Lagrangian Modeling of Arctic Ocean Circulation Pathways: Impact of Advection on Spread of Pollutants

北冰洋环流路径的拉格朗日模型：平流对污染物扩散的影响

• DOI: 10.1002/2017jc013460
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Oceans
• 作者: Kelly S