From the North Sea to the Arctic Ocean: The impact of temperature on eukaryotic phytoplankton

从北海到北冰洋：温度对真核浮游植物的影响

• 批准号: NE/K004530/1
• 负责人: Thomas Mock
• 金额: $ 44.36万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK004530%2F1
• 关键词: North; Sea; Arctic; Ocean; impact

Building directly on our preliminary unpublished data and a funded sequencing grant (Joint Genome Institute, US) that will substantially support this project, we will combine environmental metagenomics (genomes from a community of organisms) and metatranscriptomics (expressed genes from a community of organisms) with targeted functional molecular genetics and biogeochemical studies to provide first evidence that temperature in the surface ocean has a significant impact on eukaryotic marine phytoplankton (microalgae) community structure and metabolism. Marine phytoplankton (microalgae and cyanobacteria) contribute about 50% of global carbon production and so have significant impact on biogeochemical cycling of elements and therefore climate. Despite the significance of temperature for evolution, metabolism and biogeochemical cycles in the ocean, the exact impact on natural eukaryotic phytoplankton communities is still subject to much debate but is of significant importance to predict the outcome of global warming for some of the most important primary producers on earth. However, our preliminary unpublished data based on eukaryotic marine phytoplankton metatranscriptomes obtained from 1) North Pacific, 2) Central Equatorial Pacific, 3) Southern Ocean, 4) North Atlantic, and 5) the Arctic Ocean give first evidence that temperature is at least as important as nutrients and light for community structure and metabolism of marine microalgae in the global surface ocean. Especially diatom and dinoflagellate metabolism based on expressed genes across the 5 investigated marine habitats shows a high correlation with temperature and much less so with any of the measured nutrients. Translation of mRNA into proteins seems to be the most temperature dependent process in marine microalgae, indicated by a negative correlation between temperature and the abundance of ribosomal transcripts. Protein synthesis accounts for a remarkable ca. 75% of the cells total energy budget and ribosome content can be as high as 25% of total proteins in a cell. Thus, temperature might have a significant impact on the abundance of ribosomal proteins and maybe also on the total protein content in marine microalgae with consequences for marine food-webs and biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen in different latitudinal temperature zones of the surface ocean. For this research project, we have targeted one of the most temperature sensitive regions of the ocean: North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. It is expected that many Arctic phytoplankton species won't be able to adapt to warming because the predicted environmental changes will occur on a time scale too fast for evolutionary processes to react. Thus, it is more likely that species that are well adapted to the low-temperature Arctic environment will be replaced by intruders from lower-latitude geographic areas outside the Arctic Circle, a process that already is underway. Thus, we are going to sample natural phytoplankton communities for metagenomics and metatranscriptomics on a transect from the southern North Sea to the high Arctic Ocean to investigate differences in community composition and metabolism of potential intruder communities from the North Atlantic in comparison to polar communities of the Arctic Ocean. We will also investigate whether increasing ribosomal transcripts under lower temperatures result in higher concentrations of ribosomal proteins in North Atlantic and Arctic diatom and dinoflagellate species by using antibodies and Western Blots. Potential consequences for biogeochemical cycling will be investigated by measuring cellular protein concentrations and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen under different temperatures in the selected microalgal species and natural communities sampled for sequencing. This project will provide first insights into how temperature changes will impact North Atlantic and Arctic marine microalgal community composition and metabolism.

直接建立在我们的初步未发表的数据和资助的测序赠款（美国联合基因组研究所）上，该赠款将基本支持该项目，我们将结合环境宏基因组学（来自生物体社区的基因组）和元文字分类组学（来自生物体社区的基因）通过有针对性的功能性分子遗传学和生物地球化学研究提供了首先证据，表明地面海洋中的温度对真核海洋植物植物浮游植物（微藻）社区结构和代谢产生了重大影响。海洋浮游植物（微藻和蓝细菌）约占全球碳产生的50％，因此对元素的生物地球化学循环产生了重大影响，因此有气候。尽管温度对于海洋中的进化，新陈代谢和生物地球化学周期的重要性，但对天然真核生物浮游植物群落的确切影响仍然存在很多争论，但对于预测一些最重要的主要主要生产者的全球变暖结果至关重要在地球上。但是，我们基于真核生物海洋浮游植物元素元文字的初步未发表的数据，从1）北太平洋地区获得，2）2）中央赤道太平洋中部，3）南部海洋，4）北大西洋，5）北极海洋至少为温度提供了至少作为温度的证据。重要的是全球表面海洋中海洋微藻的社区结构和新陈代谢的营养和光。尤其是基于5个研究的海洋生境中表达基因的硅藻和鞭毛藻代谢，与温度相关性很高，与任何测量的营养素的相关性较低，因此与任何测量的营养素相关。将mRNA转化为蛋白质似乎是海洋微藻中最依赖温度的过程，这表明温度与丰富的核糖体转录本之间的负相关性。蛋白质合成是显着的。细胞总能量预算和核糖体含量的75％可以高达细胞中总蛋白质的25％。因此，温度可能对核糖体蛋白的丰度以及海洋微藻中的总蛋白质含量产生重大影响，这对海洋食品 - 野生食品和碳和氮的生物地球化学循环产生了影响。对于该研究项目，我们针对海洋温度最敏感的区域之一：北大西洋和北极海洋。预计许多北极浮游植物物种将无法适应变暖，因为预测的环境变化会在时间尺度上发生太快发生，无法反应进化过程。因此，很有可能很好地适应低温北极环境的物种将被来自北极圆圈以外的低纬度地理区域的入侵者所取代，北极圆圈的降低地理区域已经正在进行中。因此，我们将为从北海南海到高北极海洋的样带上对天然浮游植物群落进行宏基因组学和元文字组学的样品，以调查与北大西洋与极地社区相比的潜在入侵者社区的社区组成和代谢的差异。北冰洋。我们还将调查在较低温度下增加核糖体转录本是否会导致北大西洋和北极硅藻和北极硅酸盐和鞭毛藻种类浓度较高，并使用抗体和蛋白质印迹。通过测量所选微藻物种的不同温度下的细胞蛋白浓度以及有机碳和氮的潜在后果，将研究生物地球化学的循环，并进行了测序的自然社区。该项目将对温度变化将如何影响北大西洋和北极海洋微藻社区组成和代谢提供首先见解。

项目成果

A novel cost effective and high-throughput isolation and identification method for marine microalgae.

• DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-10-26
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Plant methods
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Jahn MT;Schmidt K;Mock T
• 通讯作者: Mock T

A role for the cell-wall protein silacidin in cell size of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.

• DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.100
• 发表时间: 2017-11
• 期刊: The ISME journal
• 作者: Kirkham AR;Richthammer P;Schmidt K;Wustmann M;Maeda Y;Hedrich R;Brunner E;Tanaka T;van Pée KH;Falciatore A;Mock T
• 通讯作者: Mock T

Evolutionary genomics of the cold-adapted diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus

• DOI: 10.1038/nature20803
• 发表时间: 2017-01-26
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Mock, Thomas;Otillar, Robert P.;Grigoriev, Igor V.
• 通讯作者: Grigoriev, Igor V.

Diatoms and Their Microbiomes in Complex and Changing Polar Oceans.

• DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.786764
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in microbiology
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Gilbertson R;Langan E;Mock T
• 通讯作者: Mock T

The biogeographic differentiation of algal microbiomes in the upper ocean from pole to pole.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25646-9
• 发表时间: 2021-09-16
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Martin K;Schmidt K;Toseland A;Boulton CA;Barry K;Beszteri B;Brussaard CPD;Clum A;Daum CG;Eloe-Fadrosh E;Fong A;Foster B;Foster B;Ginzburg M;Huntemann M;Ivanova NN;Kyrpides NC;Lindquist E;Mukherjee S;Palaniappan K;Reddy TBK;Rizkallah MR;Roux S;Timmermans K;Tringe SG;van de Poll WH;Varghese N;Valentin KU;Lenton TM;Grigoriev IV;Leggett RM;Moulton V;Mock T
• 通讯作者: Mock T