Assessment of ClNO2 as a missing oxidant in the UK atmosphere

对英国大气中缺失氧化剂 ClNO2 的评估

• 批准号: NE/K004069/1
• 负责人: Paul Monks
• 金额: $ 53.84万
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK004069%2F1
• 关键词: Assessment; ClNO2; missing; oxidant; UK

Is nitryl chloride (ClNO2) a chlorine activation pathway and a strong Cl source that substantially affects tropospheric composition and oxidative capacity of the atmosphere in the UK?The nocturnal formation of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) via reaction of N2O5 on Cl- containing particles has been shown to be a very efficient mechanism to activate chlorine. Recent observations of high levels of ClNO2 (up to 1 ppb) in marine/coastal and continental polluted regions in USA and Germany strongly suggests that ClNO2 chemistry is active on a much larger scale than previously thought, with very important consequences for air composition and quality, public and environmental health and global climate.The work in this proposal explores by way of concerted measurements and modelling whether in the UK context, ClNO2 can release large concentrations of reactive chlorine (Cl) into the troposphere. The chemistry could be especially important for the United Kingdom as the UK is surrounded by the ocean, which provides a continuous source of sea-salt in the coastal areas and further inland. In addition, emissions from coal-fired power stations, spread of grit on roads during winter and usage of chlorinated compounds in swimming pools, sewage and water treatment plants, can provide significant sources of non sea-salt Cl. The other atmospheric precursor to ClNO2 is N2O5. The first wide-scale measurements of N2O5 above the UK were recently conducted from the FAAM aircraft during the NERC-funded RONOCO campaigns. The RONOCO flights found elevated N2O5 concentrations aloft (up to 1 ppbv), typically associated with atmospheric processing of NOx (nitrogen oxides) in pollution plumes from major UK cities, such as the London outflow over the English Channel/North Sea. The co-location of large sources of VOC, NOx and Cl- containing particles means that ClNO2 chemistry should be active in large parts of the UK. Since most of the population in the UK lives within ca. 100 km from the ocean and several large metropolitan areas (e.g., London, Glasgow, Liverpool) are located near the coast, this chemistry is likely to have a significant impact on the health and life quality of many people.

Nitryl氯化物（CLNO2）是否是氯激活途径和强大的CL来源，它基本影响了英国的对流层组成和大气的氧化能力？被证明是激活氯的非常有效的机制。最近在美国和德国污染的海洋/沿海和大陆污染区域中高水平CLNO2（最高1 ppb）的观察结果强烈表明，CLNO2化学在比以前想象的要大得多，对空气组成和质量产生非常重要的后果，公共和环境健康和全球气候。该提案中的工作通过协同的测量和建模在英国的情况下探索，CLNO2是否可以将大量的反应性氯（CL）释放到对流层中。由于英国被海洋包围，化学反应可能对英国尤为重要，这为沿海地区和内陆提供了连续的海盐来源。此外，燃煤电站的排放，冬季的砂道在道路上的传播以及在游泳池，污水和水处理厂中使用氯化化合物的用途，可以提供重要的非海盐CL来源。 CLNO2的另一个大气前体是N2O5。在NERC资助的Ronoco运动中，最近从FAAM飞机进行了N2O5的第一个大规模测量。 Ronoco飞行发现N2O5浓度升高（最高1 ppbv），通常与来自英国主要城市的污染羽流中NOX（氮氧化物）的大气加工有关，例如英国通道/北海的伦敦流出。大量VOC，NOX和CL-颗粒的共同点意味着CLNO2化学应在英国大部分地区活跃。由于英国的大多数人口都居住在CA内。距离海洋和几个大都市地区（例如伦敦，格拉斯哥，利物浦）位于海岸附近100公里，这种化学反应可能会对许多人的健康和生活质量产生重大影响。

项目成果

Radical chemistry and ozone production at a UK coastal receptor site

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-14393-2023
• 发表时间: 2023-11
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Robert Woodward-Massey;R. Sommariva;L. Whalley;D. Cryer;T. Ingham;W. Bloss;S. M. Ball;S. Cox;James D. Lee;C. Reed;L. Crilley;L. Kramer;B. Bandy;G. Forster;C. Reeves;P. Monks;D. Heard

Enhanced wintertime oxidation of VOCs via sustained radical sources in the urban atmosphere.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116563
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Environmental pollution
• 影响因子: 8.9
• 作者: R. Sommariva;L. Crilley;S. Ball;R. Cordell;L. Hollis;W. Bloss;P. Monks

Seasonal and geographical variability of nitryl chloride and its precursors in Northern Europe

• DOI: 10.1002/asl.844
• 发表时间: 2018-08
• 期刊: Atmospheric Science Letters
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: R. Sommariva;L. Hollis;T. Sherwen;A. Baker;S. Ball;B. Bandy;T. Bell;M. N. Chowdhury;R. Cordell;M. J. Evans;James D. Lee;C. Reed;C. Reeves;J. Roberts;Mingxi Yang;P. Monks

Is the ocean surface a source of nitrous acid (HONO) in the marine boundary layer?

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2021-532
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: L. Crilley;L. Kramer;F. Pope;C. Reed;James D. Lee;L. Carpenter;L. Hollis;S. Ball;W. Bloss

Effects of halogens on European air-quality.

• DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00026j
• 发表时间: 2017-08
• 期刊: Faraday discussions
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: T. Sherwen;M. Evans;R. Sommariva;L. Hollis;S. Ball;P. Monks;C. Reed;L. Carpenter;James D. Lee;G. Forster;B. Bandy;C. Reeves;W. Bloss