SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF LEISHMANIA MEXICANS IN SOUTH TEXAS

德克萨斯州南部墨西哥利什曼原虫的时空动态

• 批准号: 6107795
• 负责人: SARA F KERR
• 金额: $ 12.22万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF THE INCARNATE WORD
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-02-01 至 2000-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6107795
• 关键词: Psychodidae; Rodentias; animal mortality; animal population density; climate; computer simulation; data collection; disease /disorder proneness /risk; disease reservoirs; electrophoresis; environment; epizootiology; field study; host organism interaction; leishmaniasis; longitudinal animal study; polymerase chain reaction; seasons; skin infection; tissue /cell culture; zoonosis

The proposed research is a three-year investigation of the zoonotic cycle of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Texas. The long term objective is understanding of the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the United States, including mechanism of transmission, human risk factors, and dynamics of the enzootic cycle. The study will test the following hypotheses: I. The southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus) is the reservoir of Leishmania mexicana in Texas. II. Lutzomyia anthophora is the vector among the woodrats. Ill. Change of prevalence of L. mexicana in N. micropus is highly correlated with change of abundance of the sand fly, L. anthophora. A trap-release-recapture study of a population of N. micropus will monitor the seasonal change in prevalence of L. mexicana at a focus where transmission to a human is known to have occurred and prevalence in the woodrats is 50%. Woodrats will be screened for Leishmania by culture in Schneider's Drosophila medium supplemented with fetal calf serum, and PCR. Isolates will be characterized by enzyme analysis. The density and spatial distribution of the woodrats will be mapped using a Geographic Positioning System and a Geographic Information System. Seasonal changes in density and spatial distribution will be monitored. Population characteristics that influence the role the woodrats play as a reservoir, including mortality, natality, sex ratio and sand flies and dispersal, will be studied. The density, spatial distribution, and sex ratio of sand flies (Lutzomyia sp) associated with the woodrats will be monitored bimonthly for three years, using light traps, funnel traps, sticky paper and aspirators. Sand flies will be screened for Leishmania. Wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and precipitation will be continually monitored and correlated with sand fly population dynamics. The temperature and relative humidity within rodent burrows will also be monitored, and environmental conditions in burrows from which sand flies have been collected will be compared with those from which no sand flies are collected. The correlation between sand fly abundance and prevalence of infection in the woodrats will be tested, as will the correspondence in spatial distribution between infected woodrats and areas of peak sand fly occurrence. A model of transmission of L. mexicana among N. micropus will be field tested.

拟议的研究是对人畜共患循环的三年调查 德克萨斯州皮肤利什曼病。长期目标是 了解皮肤利什曼病的流行病学 美国，包括传播机制，人类风险因素， 和enzootic循环的动力学。该研究将测试以下 假设：I。 德克萨斯州利什曼尼亚墨西哥的水库。 ii。 lutzomyia Anthophora是 伍德拉斯中的向量。疾病。墨西哥L. 在N. micropus中，与沙子的丰度高度相关 苍蝇，L。Anthophora。 N.人群的陷阱释放征收研究。 Micropus将监视L. Mexicana的患病率的季节性变化 在已知发生向人类传播的重点 伍德拉斯的患病率为50％。伍德拉斯将被筛选 施耐德的果蝇媒介中的文化利什曼尼亚补充 胎牛血清和PCR。分离株将以酶为特征 分析。伍德拉斯的密度和空间分布将是 使用地理定位系统和地理信息映射 系统。密度和空间分布的季节性变化将是 受监控。影响角色的人口特征 伍德拉斯（Woodrats 将研究沙子和分散。密度，空间 与 伍德拉斯将使用光线进行三年监控三年 陷阱，漏斗陷阱，粘纸和吸气器。沙蝇会 为利什曼尼亚放映。风速，风向，温度， 相对湿度，大气压和沉淀将是 不断监测和与沙蝇种群动态相关。 啮齿动物洞穴内的温度和相对湿度也将是 受到监测和洞穴中的环境条件 已收集的将与没有沙子的苍蝇进行比较 收集。沙蝇丰度与患病率之间的相关性 将测试伍德拉斯的感染，对应关系 在被感染的伍德拉斯和峰沙区域之间的空间分布中 飞行发生。墨西哥乳杆菌在Micropus中的传播模型 将进行现场测试。