Water in the Mantle; A Scoping Proposal

地幔中的水；

• 批准号: NE/K000012/1
• 负责人: Christopher Ballentine
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK000012%2F1
• 关键词: Water; Mantle; Scoping; Proposal

The habitability of Earth depends fundamentally on the sustainable presence of liquid water at its surface, but water plays a far greater role in creating a platform for life than simply providing the medium for life and climate at the surface. Small variations in the water content of the mantle changes the minerals properties and specifically their viscosity in the mantle (Mei and Kohlstedt JGR 105, 21457-21469, 2000) with fundamental repercussions on the mode and efficiency of mantle convection (McGovern and Schubert EPSL 96, 27-37, 1989) and may even determine the distribution of incompatible elements in the mantle and their availability to surface systems (Bercovici and Karato Nature 4125, 39-44, 2003). Convection in turn, as well as being the principle mechanism for planetary cooling, controls ocean crust production; continental breakup; plate movement and mountain creation; and flux of water and other volatiles into and out of the mantle. It is clear that mantle convection determines and possibly regulates the habitability of our planet, yet our basic understanding of fundamental controls of this system by the deep Earth, and specifically the critical role of wate over geological time, is woeful.

地球的宜居性从根本上取决于其表面液态水的可持续存在，但水在创造生命平台方面发挥着更大的作用，而不仅仅是为地表生命和气候提供媒介。地幔含水量的微小变化会改变矿物特性，特别是地幔中的粘度 (Mei 和 Kohlstedt JGR 105, 21457-21469, 2000)，对地幔对流的模式和效率产生根本影响 (McGovern 和 Schubert EPSL 96) , 27-37, 1989）甚至可以确定地幔中不相容元素的分布以及它们对表面系统的可用性（Bercovici 和 Karato Nature 4125, 39-44, 2003）。反过来，对流也是行星冷却的主要机制，控制着海洋地壳的产生。大陆分裂；板块运动和造山；以及水和其他挥发物进出地幔的通量。很明显，地幔对流决定并可能调节我们星球的宜居性，但我们对地球深处对该系统的基本控制，特别是水在地质时期的关键作用的基本了解是可悲的。