High density temperature measurements within the urban environment (HiTemp)

城市环境中的高密度温度测量 (HiTemp)

• 批准号: NE/I006915/1
• 负责人: Lee Chapman
• 金额: $ 77.76万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI006915%2F1
• 关键词: density; temperature; measurements; within; urban

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a direct consequence of anthropogenic influences on our local climate. Many studies have been devoted to the study of UHI extent and magnitude, as well as the impacts increased urban temperatures have on meteorology, climatology, human health and society. Although the UHI phenomenon is well documented and studies have increased our understanding, the basic measurement of temperatures across urban areas remains very limited. Birmingham is the UK's second most populous city, with a population in excess of 1 million people and a well defined UHI. However, Birmingham has only two climate stations which when linked with the complex heterogeneous urban morphology results in extremely poor data coverage. The overall aim of this project is to provide a demonstration sensor network designed to measure air temperature across the Birmingham conurbation. This aim will be met by the following objectives: 1. Instrument Birmingham via nested arrays of sensors comprising of the following: a Coarse array of 29 weather stations across Birmingham located in secure primary electrical substations b Wide area array consisting of 131 Wi-Fi air and humidity sensors located at schools across the conurbation (1 per ONS Super Output Area) c Fine scale array covering the Central Business District and consisting of approx. 50 sensors per square kilometre 2. Analyse, process and make available the data sets to the user community. Data will be made available for analysis on web-based GIS platforms to inform decision-makers and the wider user community including schools and colleges. 3. To instigate knowledge exchange with industry and decision-makers. The proposed sensor network would provide an unparalleled data set that would benefit many users including project partners. Users are at the heart of this proposal. Academic investigators on this project already have two established Knowledge Transfer Partnerships with project partners who will directly benefit form the data collected during this project: 1. KTP with EON Central Networks to investigate power-grid/temperature dependency in Birmingham (TSB/NERC funded) 2. KTP with Birmingham City Council to investigate environmental risk (e.g. Urban Heat and Flooding) at a neighbourhood scale (TSB/NERC funded) Both these partners are committed to this project and are crucial to the success of establishing the network. EON Central Networks will provide access to the secure sites across the conurbation where as Birmingham City Council will be instrumental in the installation of the sensors on council owned lighting columns. The majority of the equipment will also be procured from project partners on specially negotiated deals. The University has recently completed a KTP with Campbell Scientific Ltd who will be responsible for the coarse array of weather stations where as Aginova Inc. are the technical partners responsible for the Wi-Fi sensors. This is an ambitious project which seeks to provide three different sensor networks at three different scales. A unique selling point of this proposal is the strengthening of already mature partnerships, where as collaboration with SI-KTN will further ensure future engagement activities with new partners. In summary, data from this project will be instrumental in answering key research questions currently under investigation such as what is the impact of the current and future climate on the people and infrastructure of a major conurbation.

城市热岛 (UHI) 是人为影响当地气候的直接后果。许多研究致力于研究城市热岛的范围和强度，以及城市气温升高对气象、气候、人类健康和社会的影响。尽管城市热岛现象已有充分记录，研究也增进了我们的了解，但对整个城市地区温度的基本测量仍然非常有限。伯明翰是英国第二大人口城市，人口超过 100 万，城市热岛指数明确。然而，伯明翰只有两个气候站，当与复杂的异质城市形态联系起来时，会导致数据覆盖范围极差。该项目的总体目标是提供一个示范传感器网络，旨在测量整个伯明翰大都市的气温。这一目标将通过以下目标实现： 1. 伯明翰仪器，通过嵌套传感器阵列，包括以下内容： 整个伯明翰 29 个气象站的粗略阵列，位于安全的主变电站内 b 由 131 个 Wi-Fi 空气组成的广域阵列和湿度传感器，位于整个城市群的学校（每个 ONS 超级输出区域 1 个） c 覆盖中央商务区的精细规模阵列，由约每平方公里 50 个传感器 2. 分析、处理数据集并将其提供给用户社区。数据将在基于网络的 GIS 平台上进行分析，为决策者和包括学校和学院在内的更广泛的用户社区提供信息。 3. 促进与行业和决策者的知识交流。拟议的传感器网络将提供无与伦比的数据集，使包括项目合作伙伴在内的许多用户受益。用户是该提案的核心。该项目的学术研究人员已经与项目合作伙伴建立了两个知识转移合作伙伴关系，他们将直接从该项目期间收集的数据中受益： 1. KTP 与 EON Central Networks 合作调查伯明翰的电网/温度依赖性（TSB/NERC 资助） 2. KTP 与伯明翰市议会合作，在社区范围内调查环境风险（例如城市高温和洪水）（由 TSB/NERC 资助） 这两个合作伙伴都致力于该项目，并且对于项目的成功至关重要建立网络。 EON 中央网络将提供对整个城市的安全站点的访问，伯明翰市议会将在议会拥有的灯柱上安装传感器方面发挥重要作用。大部分设备也将通过专门谈判的交易从项目合作伙伴处采购。该大学最近与 Campbell Scientific Ltd 完成了一项 KTP，该公司将负责粗略的气象站阵列，而 Aginova Inc. 是负责 Wi-Fi 传感器的技术合作伙伴。这是一个雄心勃勃的项目，旨在提供三种不同规模的三种不同的传感器网络。该提案的一个独特卖点是加强已经成熟的合作伙伴关系，与 SI-KTN 的合作将进一步确保未来与新合作伙伴的参与活动。总之，该项目的数据将有助于回答目前正在调查的关键研究问题，例如当前和未来的气候对主要城市的人民和基础设施的影响。

项目成果

A Low-Cost Wireless Temperature Sensor: Evaluation for Use in Environmental Monitoring Applications

低成本无线温度传感器：环境监测应用的评估

• DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-13-00217.1
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Cai X

An introduction to the Birmingham Urban Climate Laboratory

伯明翰城市气候实验室简介

• 作者: Lee Chapman (Author)

Crowdsourcing and Opportunistic Sensing: The Technology Isn't Going Away, So How Are We Going to Make it Work?

众包和机会感测：这项技术不会消失，那么我们如何让它发挥作用呢？

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Chapman L

Methodology to separate urban from regional heat advection by use of the Weather Research and Forecasting mesoscale model

利用天气研究和预报中尺度模型将城市与区域热平流分开的方法

• DOI: 10.1002/qj.3062
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8.9
• 作者: Bassett R

Quantifying the Daytime and Night-Time Urban Heat Island in Birmingham, UK: A Comparison of Satellite Derived Land Surface Temperature and High Resolution Air Temperature Observations

• DOI: 10.3390/rs8020153
• 发表时间: 2016-02-01
• 期刊: REMOTE SENSING
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Azevedo, Juliana Antunes;Chapman, Lee;Muller, Catherine L.
• 通讯作者: Muller, Catherine L.