Influence of global teleconnections on Holocene climate in Kamchatka

全球遥相关对堪察加半岛全新世气候的影响

• 批准号: NE/H008160/1
• 负责人: Steve Brooks
• 金额: $ 29.96万
• 依托单位: Natural History Museum
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH008160%2F1
• 关键词: Influence; global; teleconnections; Holocene; climate

The study of past climate change, especially that which has occurred since the end of the last ice age about 11,000 years ago (the period known as The Holocene), provides important insights into how climate may change in the future and the influence of changes in ocean circulation and air masses. It also improves the ability of climate scientists to predict the scale and rapidity of future climate change and recognise the urgency to respond. Climate records collected at weather stations do not extend back long enough in time to capture the full extent of natural climate variability needed to be able to predict future climate change. However, it is possible to reconstruct past climate over thousands of years by studying the remains of plants and animals preserved in the mud that accumulates at the bottom of lakes. Diatoms, freshwater microscopic algae, and the larvae of non-biting midges (chironomids) respond in characteristic ways depending on summer temperatures or the relative acidity (pH) or amount of nutrients in the lake water. By finding out which temperatures, pH or nutrient concentrations are favoured by particular species of diatoms or chironomids today we can reconstruct quantitatively past environmental conditions from the semi-fossilised remains of these creatures, which are preserved in lake sediments. Thus analysis of a sediment core several metres long taken from a lake can be sliced at intervals of 1 cm or less and dated using radiocarbon to provide a highly detailed record of past climate change over thousands of years. In this project we propose to analyse midges and diatoms from three cores previously collected from Kamchatka in the far east of Russia. Kamchatka is a key region for understanding the extent of climate linkages between the North Atlantic and North Pacific regions, and hence some of the most important ways in which global climate change is driven. However, climate variability during the Holocene in this region is poorly understood as only a few studies have been completed. We will analyse midges from our three sediment cores over most of the Holocene at intervals of 40-80 years. We will use a 'midge thermometer' developed from modern distribution records of midges from throughout northern Russia, to reconstruct Holocene summer air temperatures. We will also use these midge records to reconstruct past changes in continentality or conversely oceanicity. A continental climate is governed by the relative influence of westerly winds blowing across northern Eurasia, which brings cold winters, short warm summers and less rainfall, whereas a more oceanic climate is influenced by Pacific winds which bring milder winters, cooler summers and more rain. Similarly, we will use diatoms from the same cores to quantify changes in the length of the summer and also any changes in pH or nutrients. An innovative aspect of this project will be to analyse the stable oxygen isotopes that are incorporated into the chitinous cuticle of the midge heads. Oxygen forms part of the chitin molecule and is derived from the water in which the midges are living. We expect that the ratio of stable oxygen isotopes incorporated into the midge heads will reflect the source of the water when the midge was alive. In non evaporative lakes this will tell us which air masses were driving the prevailing climate at that time (i.e. either from Eurasia or the North Pacific). By comparing our records with Holocene climate records available from other sites in the North Atlantic region, Eurasia, Alaska and the North Pacific we will be able to establish the extent of global climate links at times of different climatic regimes, for example the magnitude and timing of the Holocene Thermal Maximum and the Little Ice Age.

对过去的气候变化的研究，尤其是自大约11，000年前的最后一个冰河时代结束以来发生的（称为全新世的时期）的研究，提供了重要的见解，以了解未来气候如何变化以及海洋循环和空气质量变化的影响。它还提高了气候科学家预测未来气候变化的规模和速度的能力，并认识到应答的紧迫性。在气象站收集的气候记录的及时延长了足够长的时间，无法捕获能够预测未来气候变化所需的自然气候变异性的全部程度。但是，通过研究保存在湖泊底部的泥浆中的动植物的遗体，可以在数千年的时间内重建过去的气候。硅藻，淡水微观藻类和非叮咬mid虫的幼虫（人物）的幼虫以典型的方式反应，具体取决于夏季温度或湖水中的相对酸度（pH）或养分量。通过找出当今特定的硅藻或奇异物种的特定种类，我们可以从这些生物的半化石遗迹中定量地重建过去的环境条件，从而将哪种温度，pH或养分浓度偏爱，这些含量保存在湖泊沉积物中。因此，对从湖中长达几米的沉积物核心的分析可以以1厘米或更少的间隔切片，并使用放射性碳进行日期，以在数千年的时间内提供了过去的气候变化的高度详细记录。在这个项目中，我们建议分析先前从俄罗斯远东的坎奇特卡收集的三个核心的Midges和硅藻。 Kamchatka是理解北大西洋和北太平洋地区气候联系程度的关键区域，因此是全球气候变化的最重要方式。但是，由于仅完成了少数研究，因此全新世期间的气候变异性知之甚少。我们将以40 - 80年的时间间隔在大部分全新世中分析三个沉积物核心的MIDGE。我们将使用从整个俄罗斯北部的MIDGE的现代分销记录开发的“ Midge温度计”，以重建全新世夏季空气温度。我们还将使用这些MIDGE记录来重建大陆或相反海洋的过去变化。大陆气候受到北部欧亚大陆吹来的风风吹动的相对影响，这带来了寒冷的冬季，短暂的温暖的夏天和更少的降雨，而海洋气候更加受到太平洋风的影响，这会导致温和的冬季，凉爽的夏季和更多的降雨。同样，我们将使用来自相同核心的硅藻来量化夏季长度的变化以及pH或养分的任何变化。该项目的一个创新方面将是分析稳定的氧同位素，这些同位素纳入MIDGE头部的奇质角质层。氧构成几丁质分子的一部分，并源自Midges所在的水。我们预计将稳定的氧同位素掺入MIDGE头部的比率将反映出Midge还活着时的水源。在非蒸发湖泊中，这将告诉我们当时哪些空气群正在推动盛行的气候（即来自欧亚大陆或北太平洋）。通过将我们的记录与全新世气候记录进行比较，从北大西洋地区，欧亚大陆，阿拉斯加和北太平洋的其他地点可获得，我们将能够在不同的气候制度时建立全球气候联系的程度，例如，全新世热最大和小冰期的幅度和时机。

项目成果

Experimental determination of the temperature dependence of oxygen-isotope fractionation between water and chitinous head capsules of chironomid larvae

摇蚊幼虫水与几丁质头囊之间氧同位素分馏温度依赖性的实验测定

• DOI: 10.1007/s10933-021-00191-z
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Paleolimnology
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Lombino A

Holocene climate and environmental change in north-eastern Kamchatka (Russian Far East), inferred from a multi-proxy study of lake sediments

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.02.013
• 发表时间: 2015-11-01
• 期刊: GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Andren, Elinor;Klimaschewski, Andrea;Hammarlund, Dan
• 通讯作者: Hammarlund, Dan

Climate reconstruction from paired oxygen-isotope analyses of chironomid larval head capsules and endogenic carbonate (Hawes Water, UK) - Potential and problems

• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107160
• 发表时间: 2021-09-02
• 期刊: QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Lombino, Alex;Atkinson, Tim;Thomas, Zoe
• 通讯作者: Thomas, Zoe

Holocene environment of Central Kamchatka, Russia: Implications from a multi-proxy record of Two-Yurts Lake

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.07.011
• 发表时间: 2015-11
• 期刊: Global and Planetary Change
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Ulrike Hoff;B. Biskaborn;V. Dirksen;O. Dirksen;G. Kuhn;H. Meyer;L. Nazarova;A. Roth;B. Diekmann

Evidence of global pollution and recent environmental change in Kamchatka, Russia

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.02.005
• 发表时间: 2015-11-01
• 期刊: GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Jones, V. J.;Rose, N. L.;Yang, H.
• 通讯作者: Yang, H.