Exploring the biodiversity, interactions and controls of prokaryotic communities driving methane flux in marine sediments.

探索驱动海洋沉积物中甲烷通量的原核生物群落的生物多样性、相互作用和控制。

基本信息

批准号：
NE/F018983/1
负责人：
Ronald Parkes
金额：
$ 46.32万
依托单位：
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FF018983%2F1
关键词：
Exploring biodiversity interactions controls prokaryotic

项目摘要

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, second in importance only to carbon dioxide. Most methane is produced by microorganisms and methane concentrations in the atmosphere had been increasing rapidly, but now is quite variable. This is important to understand as atmospheric methane increases in the geological past have been linked to global warming. Global methane production in marine sediments is very significant and these sediments contain the largest, global reservoir of methane. This includes huge stores of methane in an ice matrix called hydrates, which might be a future energy store, as well as being a sensitive trigger for rapid climate change. Surprisingly, we know relatively little about the methanogens in ocean sediments that produce this methane, as only a few have been isolated and studied (11 species, representing less than 10% of cultured methanogen species). Also uncultured and little understood, are the microbes related to methanogens, which currently remove approximately 80% of all methane produced in sediments before it can enter the ocean and atmosphere above. These two groups of microbes are intimately connected and together have major influence on the flux of methane from sediments. There are even suggestions that anaerobic methane production and consumption may be due to the same microbes, but nobody knows for sure. Hence, our lack of understanding of the microbes controlling methane flux in marine sediments severely limits our ability to predict controls and future changes in the extremely important global methane cycle. We intend to significantly increase knowledge of the controls on ocean methane flux, and the microorganisms driving this process, by investigating methane production in high-pressure systems. These systems mimic sediment conditions, and within which both methane-producing and methane-consuming microbial communities are active. We will conduct similar experiments with microbial communities from marine gas hydrate sediments to determine their response to temperature and pressure changes, the supply of compounds for methane oxidation or production, and other factors controlling methane concentrations. From these experiments and a range of marine sediments we will isolate a number of methanogens, many of which may be new marine types, as their presence has been indicated by DNA surveys. Study sites include coastal sediments which are strongly influenced by human activity, globally significant gas hydrate sediments and mud volcanoes, which have recently been suggested as being an important potential source of methane. We will identify the physiology and metabolism of these methanogens to significantly increase our knowledge of the biodiversity and function of this important group of microorganisms. This will include, for the first time, investigating their response to high pressure.

甲烷是一种强效温室气体，其重要性仅次于二氧化碳。大多数甲烷是由微生物产生的，大气中的甲烷浓度一直在迅速增加，但现在变化很大。理解这一点很重要，因为地质历史上大气甲烷的增加与全球变暖有关。全球海洋沉积物中的甲烷产量非常显着，这些沉积物含有全球最大的甲烷库。这包括在称为水合物的冰基质中储存的大量甲烷，它可能是未来的能源储存，也是气候快速变化的敏感触发因素。令人惊讶的是，我们对海洋沉积物中产生甲烷的产甲烷菌知之甚少，因为只有少数产甲烷菌被分离和研究（11 个物种，占养殖产甲烷菌物种的不到 10%）。同样未培养且了解甚少的是与产甲烷菌有关的微生物，目前，在沉积物中产生的所有甲烷进入海洋和大气之前，产甲烷菌可去除约 80% 的甲烷。这两类微生物密切相关，共同对沉积物中甲烷的通量产生重大影响。甚至有人认为厌氧甲烷的产生和消耗可能是由相同的微生物引起的，但没有人确切知道。因此，我们对控制海洋沉积物中甲烷通量的微生物缺乏了解，严重限制了我们预测极其重要的全球甲烷循环的控制和未来变化的能力。我们打算通过研究高压系统中的甲烷产生，显着增加对海洋甲烷通量控制以及驱动该过程的微生物的了解。这些系统模仿沉积物条件，其中产生甲烷和消耗甲烷的微生物群落都很活跃。我们将对海洋天然气水合物沉积物中的微生物群落进行类似的实验，以确定它们对温度和压力变化的响应、甲烷氧化或生产的化合物的供应以及控制甲烷浓度的其他因素。我们将从这些实验和一系列海洋沉积物中分离出许多产甲烷菌，其中许多可能是新的海洋类型，因为 DNA 调查已表明它们的存在。研究地点包括受人类活动强烈影响的沿海沉积物、全球重要的天然气水合物沉积物和泥火山，最近被认为是重要的潜在甲烷来源。我们将确定这些产甲烷菌的生理学和代谢，以显着增加我们对这一重要微生物群的生物多样性和功能的了解。这将首次包括调查他们对高压的反应。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Complex coupled metabolic and prokaryotic community responses to increasing temperatures in anaerobic marine sediments: critical temperatures and substrate changes.

DOI：
10.1093/femsec/fiv084
发表时间：
2015-08
期刊：
FEMS microbiology ecology
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Roussel EG;Cragg BA;Webster G;Sass H;Tang X;Williams AS;Gorra R;Weightman AJ;Parkes RJ
通讯作者：
Parkes RJ

Methanogen activity and microbial diversity in Gulf of Cádiz mud volcano sediments.