(Un)Fair inequality in the labor market: A global study

(Un)劳动力市场的公平不平等：一项全球研究

• 批准号: MR/X033333/1
• 负责人: Paul Hufe
• 金额: $ 185.98万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FX033333%2F1
• 关键词: Un; Fair; inequality; labor; market

"Every human society must justify its inequalities: unless reasons for them are found, the whole political and social edifice stands in danger of collapse" - Thomas PikettyHow do citizens of different societies perceive the fairness of inequalities? Answering this question is key to understanding increasing social tensions, and informing the design of policies that address the current and widespread discontent with existing economic and political institutions.There are two reasons why citizens may perceive inequalities as unfair. First, actual inequalities may not square with their fairness preferences, e.g., people may dislike the extent of gender pay gaps, or they may think that the returns to long working hours are too low. Second, they may have biased beliefs about actual inequality, e.g., people may overestimate the size of gender pay gaps, or they may underestimate the earnings effects of working hours. These examples illustrate that an understanding of fairness perceptions requires in-depth knowledge of citizens' fairness preferences and their beliefs about inequality in different domains of the labor market. However, to date, there is no harmonized data collection that integrates these elements and enables us to measure perceived unfairness and understand its consequences for society on a global scale. As a consequence, our current knowledge is either based on strong assumptions about peoples' fairness preferences and beliefs about inequality, or confined to single-country studies that cannot take account of the diversity of perceptions across countries with different geographic, cultural, and economic characteristics.In my FLF, I will address this gap. I will lead a network of stakeholders including the general public, policymakers, and scientists to identify domains of labor market inequality that are at the core of fairness perceptions; collect corresponding data on preferences and beliefs about labor market inequality in 50 countries worldwide; and construct measures of perceived unfairness that allow us to assess the implications of perceived unfairness for important societal outcomes that are essential building blocks for well-functioning societies.In years 1-4, I will divide my FLF into three working packages (WPs):WP1 - Develop a measurement framework and associated survey module taking into account the views of key stakeholders such as the general public, policymakers, and academics from diverse cultural and economic backgrounds (Years 1-2).WP2 - Collect harmonized data on fairness preferences and inequality beliefs in 50 countries (incl. the four nations of the UK) representing a broad range of geographic, cultural, and economic characteristics (Years 2-3).WP3 - Analyze the anatomy of perceived unfairness and its implications for societal outcomes including support for democracy, trust in institutions, and support for public policies (Years 3-4).In years 5-7, I will build on the initial findings and use both field experiments and quasi-experimental variation from policy reforms to investigate whether preferences and beliefs regarding different domains of labor market inequality are malleable by policy intervention. Thereby, I will provide important insights for civil society organizations and policymakers on how to address perceived unfairness and discontent with current economic systems.This agenda will improve our understanding of one of the most widely debated social issues of our times: unfair inequality in labor markets. I will analyze this phenomenon on a global scale while integrating the perspectives of a diverse set of stakeholders. My FLF combines an ambitious and multidisciplinary research programme that will generate a series of high-profile journal articles with a personalized programme for my professional development. These elements make the FLF a unique opportunity to establish myself as a leading expert regarding inequality and fairness in Europe and beyond.

“每个人类社会都必须证明其不平等：除非找到他们的理由，否则整个政治和社会建筑物都有崩溃的危险” - 托马斯·皮克蒂（Thomas pikettyhe）的不同社会公民会认为不平等的公平性吗？回答这个问题是了解日益紧张的紧张局势的关键，并告知对现有经济和政治机构的当前和普遍不满的政策的设计，这是公民认为不平等不公平的两个原因。首先，实际的不平等可能与他们的公平偏好不一致，例如，人们可能会不喜欢性别薪酬差距，或者他们可能认为长期工作时间的回报太低。其次，他们可能对实际不平等的信念有偏见，例如，人们可能高估了性别薪酬差距的规模，或者可能会低估工作时间的收入影响。这些例子说明，对公平感的理解需要对公民的公平偏好及其对劳动力市场不同领域不平等的信念进行深入了解。但是，迄今为止，还没有统一的数据收集可以整合这些要素，并使我们能够衡量所感知的不公平性并在全球范围内了解其对社会的后果。结果，我们当前的知识要么基于人们对人们对不平等的公平偏好和信念的强烈假设，要么仅限于单方面的研究，这些研究无法考虑到具有不同地理，文化和经济特征的国家的多样性。在我的FLF中，我将解决这一差距。我将领导包括公众，政策制定者和科学家在内的利益相关者网络，以确定公平感知的核心劳动力市场不平等领域；在全球50个国家 /地区收集有关劳动力市场不平等的偏好和信念的相应数据；并构建了感知不公平的措施，使我们能够评估感知不公平对重要社会成果的含义，这是为井运行社会的重要组成部分。在1 - 4年内，我将FLF分为三个工作包（WPS）：WP1 - WP1-诸如公众的视图，包括关键的研究者，包括关键的研究者，包括关键的研究，多样化的文化和经济背景（1 - 2年）.WP2-收集50个国家（包括英国的四个国家）的公平偏好和不平等信念的统一数据，代表着广泛的地理，文化和经济特征（2-3年）（2-3年）.WP3 - 分析对不公平的不公平态度的支持，包括对社会的启示，并支持对社会的启示，并支持对社会的启示，以支持民主，并支持民主，民主， 3-4）。在5 - 7年内，我将以初步发现的基础，并使用现场实验和准实验改革的实验差异，以调查政策干预对劳动力市场不平等的不同领域不平等领域的偏好和信念是否可通过政策干预来衡量。因此，我将为民间社会组织和政策制定者提供重要的见解，以解决如何解决当前经济体系的不公平和不满。这项议程将提高我们对时代最广泛争议的社会问题之一的理解：劳动力市场中不公平的不平等。我将在全球范围内分析这一现象，同时整合各种利益相关者的观点。我的FLF结合了一个雄心勃勃的多学科研究计划，该计划将通过我的专业发展生成一系列备受瞩目的期刊文章。这些要素使FLF成为一个独特的机会，可以将自己确立为欧洲及其他地区不平等和公平性的领先专家。