Inequality, infections and chronic disease in England: the interaction of risk factors and the dynamics of transmission

英国的不平等、感染和慢性病：危险因素和传播动态的相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
MR/X033260/1
负责人：
Rosalind Eggo
金额：
$ 267.28万
依托单位：
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2024
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2024 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FX033260%2F1
关键词：
Inequality infections chronic disease England

项目摘要

In England, there are differences between people in how likely they are to catch infections. There are also differences in how ill people get when they are infected. The same groups of people are more likely to get infected and more likely to get very unwell. Those groups are people of ethnic minority backgrounds, and those groups who experience socioeconomic deprivation. There are lots of reasons why some groups are more likely to catch infections, for example because they have more social contacts because of their job, or their behaviour, or they may have different types of contact, for example if they work in a hospital or have to go there frequently for treatment. Other factors include the size of households that people live in, or the different ages of people they live with. This is important because a lot of infectious disease transmission happens in households. The reasons why people are more likely to get very unwell if they are infected are mostly because of their age and if they have an existing health condition, for example, heart disease. Some of these conditions are more common amongst people who live with socioeconomic deprivation, and amongst ethnic minority groups. Differences in health between groups of people are called health disparities, and there are lots of reasons why these differences exist, and how difficult they are to solve. What this study aims to do is understand better the health disparities and the role that infectious diseases play in creating and sustaining them. Ultimately the aim is to develop better interventions to try to decrease the health disparities that people who live with socioeconomic deprivation or ethnic minority groups experience. I will study these problems by analysing electronic health records data for over 20 million people in England. The health records are held securely on an analysis platform called OpenSAFELY, and individual patient health data is never at risk of being exposed. To add to the health records, I will use a smartphone app called Airmid to ask people about how many social contacts they have in a day and the age and occupation of their contacts. I will also use the app to ask people about how many infections they get, how severe they are, and whether they go to the GP or hospital for that infection. Collecting these data will help understand the differences seen between groups. During the project, I will analyse how infections are distributed among different groups in the population and what factors are associated with having more infections. I will look at how infections are associated with different causes of death, and if those associations are different for ethnic minority groups or those experiencing deprivation. Later in the project I will use computer models to try to understand if there are interventions that could decrease the health disparities, such as vaccination or better treatment. The project will have patient advisors involved to share their experiences and participate in the research.

在英格兰，人们之间的感染可能性有所不同。人们在感染时患病时也存在差异。相同的人群更有可能被感染，并且更有可能变得非常不适。这些群体是少数民族背景的人，以及经历社会经济剥夺的群体。例如，某些小组更有可能感染感染的原因有很多，例如，因为他们由于工作或行为而具有更多的社交接触，或者他们可能有不同类型的接触，例如，如果他们在医院工作或必须经常去那里进行治疗。其他因素包括人们居住的家庭的规模，或与之同住的人的不同年龄。这很重要，因为许多传染病传播发生在家庭中。如果人们被感染的人更有可能变得非常不适的原因主要是因为他们的年龄和现有的健康状况，例如心脏病。这些条件中的某些条件在受社会经济贫困和少数民族群体中生活的人们中更为普遍。一群人之间的健康差异称为健康差异，并且存在这些差异的原因很多，以及它们解决的困难。这项研究的目的是更好地理解健康差异和传染病在创造和维持它们中所扮演的角色。最终，目的是制定更好的干预措施，试图减少患有社会经济剥夺或少数民族群体经历的人们的健康差异。我将通过分析英格兰超过2000万人的电子健康记录数据来研究这些问题。健康记录牢固地保存在称为OpenSafely的分析平台上，单个患者健康数据永远不会受到暴露的风险。为了增加健康记录，我将使用一个名为Airmid的智能手机应用程序向人们询问他们一天中有多少个社交联系，以及他们的联系年龄和职业。我还将使用该应用程序向人们询问他们收到多少感染，有多严重，以及他们是否去GP还是医院感染了这种感染。收集这些数据将有助于了解组之间看到的差异。在项目期间，我将分析感染是如何分布在人群中不同群体之间的，以及与更多感染有关的因素。我将研究感染与死亡原因不同的关系，以及这些关联对于少数民族或遭受剥夺的人而有所不同。在该项目的后面，我将使用计算机模型来了解是否有一些干预措施可以减少健康差异，例如疫苗接种或更好的治疗。该项目将让患者顾问参与分享他们的经验并参与研究。