ADAPTIVE INTERACTIVE PROCESSING IN PERCEPTION AND ATTENTION

感知和注意力中的自适应交互处理

• 批准号: 6111522
• 负责人: Marlene Behrmann
• 金额: $ 12.42万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-03-01 至 2000-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6111522
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; brain injury; clinical research; cognition; computational neuroscience; human subject; learning; model design /development; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; psychological adaptation; psychomotor reaction time; space perception; stimulus generalization; visual perception

Selecting visual information from complex, multi-object scenes for further analysis and action is necessary because of the imitations of the human visual system. Recent accounts of visual attention acknowledge that preferential processing may be afforded to information selected on the basis of its physical location (space- based) and/or on the basis of its shape or object properties (object- based). Our hypothesis is that both spatial and object attentional effects emerge in a unitary model from competitive and cooperative interactions between representations, and that these representations are significantly influenced by interactions with task demands. In this mechanistic account, then, attention which is defined as the selection of a small set of active units, arises as part of the process of scene interpretation in conjunction with fulfilling the demands of a particular task. We adopt two complementary experimental paradigms: an object cost paradigm that reveals the difficulty attending to two objects simultaneously, and a distractor paradigm that reflects the inability to ignore elements grouped together with relevant information. Simulations and experiments will address three main issues: (1) We will explore the nature of the representations derived from perceptual experience, how these representations transfer and generalize to novel stimuli and how they serve to complete patterns that are impoverished or degraded (including occlusion and amodal completion). We will also explore how varying sources of perceptual information combine and become grouped, and how grouping might bread down in neuropsychological patients. (2) The emergence of space- and object based effects. In simulation work, we will evaluate the differences between architectures with modular or distributed space and object representation, and assess whether they can account for a range of empirical data that reflect the simultaneous contribution of space- and object- processes. We will also examine how object representations modulate location based attention in patients with a spatial deficit and simulate the effect of a spatial bias in the ~lesioned~ network to provide comparisons between the network and the empirical data. (3) Modulation of visual selection by task demands. We will explore how task requirements interact with space and location based representations, how task knowledge is learned and how the visual representations are reshaped or reconfigured under the pressure of differing task demands. Moreover, we map out the time course of processing and evaluate whether the standard time course can be reversed by manipulating task complexity. Finally, the three-way interaction between space-based, object based and task based influences are explored in patients with brain damage to reveal the full interactivity of the selection process.

从复杂的多对象场景中选择视觉信息 由于存在模仿，因此需要进一步分析和采取行动 人类视觉系统。 最近关于视觉注意力的报道 承认可以给予优先处理 根据其物理位置（空间）选择的信息 基于）和/或基于其形状或对象属性（对象 基于）。 我们的假设是空间注意力和物体注意力 竞争和合作的统一模型中出现效应 表示之间的相互作用，并且这些表示 受与任务需求的相互作用的显着影响。 在 那么，这个机械帐户，注意力被定义为 选择一小组活跃单位，是作为过程的一部分而出现的 场景解释结合满足需求 特定任务。 我们采用两种互补的实验 范式：揭示困难的对象成本范式 同时关注两个物体，以及分散注意力的范式 这反映了无法忽略组合在一起的元素 相关信息。 模拟和实验将解决三个问题 主要问题：（1）我们将探讨表述的性质 源自感知经验，这些表征如何 迁移并推广到新的刺激以及它们如何发挥作用 贫困或退化的完整模式（包括 闭塞和非模态完成）。 我们还将探讨如何 不同来源的感知信息结合起来成为 分组，以及分组如何在神经心理学中发挥作用 患者。 (2)基于空间和物体的效应的出现。 在 模拟工作，我们将评估之间的差异 具有模块化或分布式空间和对象的架构 代表性，并评估他们是否可以解释一系列 反映空间和空间同时贡献的经验数据 对象过程。 我们还将研究对象表示如何 调节空间缺陷患者基于位置的注意力 模拟~受损~网络中空间偏差的影响 提供网络和经验数据之间的比较。 (3)根据任务需求调节视觉选择。 我们将探索 任务要求如何与基于空间和位置的相互作用 表征、任务知识如何学习以及视觉如何 表征在压力下被重塑或重新配置 不同的任务要求。 此外，我们还制定了时间进程 处理并评估标准时间进程是否可以 通过操纵任务复杂性来逆转。 最后是三路 基于空间、基于对象和基于任务之间的交互 对脑损伤患者的影响进行了探索，以揭示 选择过程的充分互动。