ADAPTIVE INTERACTIVE PROCESSING IN PERCEPTION AND ATTENTION

感知和注意力中的自适应交互处理

• 批准号: 6111522
• 负责人: Marlene Behrmann
• 金额: $ 12.42万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-03-01 至 2000-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6111522
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; brain injury; clinical research; cognition; computational neuroscience; human subject; learning; model design /development; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; psychological adaptation; psychomotor reaction time; space perception; stimulus generalization; visual perception

Selecting visual information from complex, multi-object scenes for further analysis and action is necessary because of the imitations of the human visual system. Recent accounts of visual attention acknowledge that preferential processing may be afforded to information selected on the basis of its physical location (space- based) and/or on the basis of its shape or object properties (object- based). Our hypothesis is that both spatial and object attentional effects emerge in a unitary model from competitive and cooperative interactions between representations, and that these representations are significantly influenced by interactions with task demands. In this mechanistic account, then, attention which is defined as the selection of a small set of active units, arises as part of the process of scene interpretation in conjunction with fulfilling the demands of a particular task. We adopt two complementary experimental paradigms: an object cost paradigm that reveals the difficulty attending to two objects simultaneously, and a distractor paradigm that reflects the inability to ignore elements grouped together with relevant information. Simulations and experiments will address three main issues: (1) We will explore the nature of the representations derived from perceptual experience, how these representations transfer and generalize to novel stimuli and how they serve to complete patterns that are impoverished or degraded (including occlusion and amodal completion). We will also explore how varying sources of perceptual information combine and become grouped, and how grouping might bread down in neuropsychological patients. (2) The emergence of space- and object based effects. In simulation work, we will evaluate the differences between architectures with modular or distributed space and object representation, and assess whether they can account for a range of empirical data that reflect the simultaneous contribution of space- and object- processes. We will also examine how object representations modulate location based attention in patients with a spatial deficit and simulate the effect of a spatial bias in the ~lesioned~ network to provide comparisons between the network and the empirical data. (3) Modulation of visual selection by task demands. We will explore how task requirements interact with space and location based representations, how task knowledge is learned and how the visual representations are reshaped or reconfigured under the pressure of differing task demands. Moreover, we map out the time course of processing and evaluate whether the standard time course can be reversed by manipulating task complexity. Finally, the three-way interaction between space-based, object based and task based influences are explored in patients with brain damage to reveal the full interactivity of the selection process.

从复杂的多对象场景中选择视觉信息 由于模仿而需要进一步的分析和行动 人类视觉系统。 视觉关注的最新记载 确认可以提供优先处理 根据其物理位置选择的信息（空间 - 基于）和/或基于其形状或对象属性（对象 - 基于）。 我们的假设是空间和物体注意 效果以竞争和合作的统一模型出现 表示形式与这些表示形式之间的互动 受到与任务需求相互作用的影响很大。 在 然后，此机械帐户将注意力定义为 选择一组活跃单元，作为过程的一部分 场景解释结合满足 特定任务。 我们采用两个补充实验 范式：一个揭示困难的物体成本范例 同时参与两个物体，并分散型范式 这反映了无法忽略与 相关信息。 模拟和实验将解决三个 主要问题：（1）我们将探索表示形式的性质 源自感知经验，这些表示如何 转移并推广到新颖的刺激以及它们如何使用 贫穷或退化的完整模式（包括 闭塞和氨基化的完成）。 我们还将探讨如何 感知信息的不同来源组合并成为 分组，以及分组如何在神经心理学中降低面包 患者。 （2）基于空间和对象效应的出现。 在 模拟工作，我们将评估 具有模块化或分布式空间和对象的体系结构 表示，并评估他们是否可以考虑 经验数据反映了空间和空间的同时贡献 对象进程。 我们还将检查对象表示如何 调节空间赤字患者的基于位置的注意力 模拟〜病变网络中空间偏差的效果 提供网络和经验数据之间的比较。 （3）按任务要求调制视觉选择。 我们将探索 任务要求如何与空间和位置的相互作用 表示，如何学习任务知识以及如何视觉 表示形式在压力下重塑或重新配置 不同的任务需求。 此外，我们绘制了时间课程 处理和评估标准时间课程是否可以 通过操纵任务复杂性而逆转。 最后，三向 基于空间，基于对象和基于任务的互动 脑损伤患者探索了影响，以揭示 选择过程的完全互动性。