Market Economy and Conflict; Disjuncture between the Politics and Economics of Statebuilding in Afghanistan during 2001-2021

市场经济与冲突；

• 批准号: ES/X006832/1
• 金额: $ 13.01万
• 依托单位: School of Oriental and African Studies
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX006832%2F1
• 关键词: Market; Economy; Conflict; Disjuncture; between

My PhD investigated the knowledge shaping private sector investments in manufacturing activities in a market economy that, meanwhile, suffered from political instability - taking post-2001 Afghanistan as a case. The research findings are unique because they bring forth the role of institutions rooted in social structures (religion and patriarchal family) where the individual motivation to invest was seen to have taken shape. Whether these investments were sufficient to develop manufacturing sector in a place like Afghanistan (2001-2018) is where my research contributes to the critical study of market-led development. I completed my PhD in July 2021 after minor corrections. Empirical evidence for this project was gathered through primary data collection in an extensive fieldwork in 2018. Research tools consisted of semi-structured interviews and field visits. In total, 51 manufacturing enterprises were researched which I personally visited to take field notes, observing all the production processes and sites.Research focus on manufacturing was warranted because Afghanistan's economy has been dominated by subsistence farming and illicit trade. Hence, growth of manufacturing activities could be a positive transformation, and would throw into relief the outcome of the economic policy implemented in Afghanistan during the study period - what I wished to examine in my research. The historical period under investigation is when market economy was adopted in Afghanistan as part of The United States led international coalition state institution (re-)building. The policy promoted private sector for undertaking productive resource allocation. This approach was reiterated in foundational policy documents and enshrined in article 10 of Afghanistan's post-2001 constitution.Globally, market-oriented policy in Afghanistan came in the context of a neo-institutionalist and neoliberal synthesis that was developed more coherently in the 1990s, thereafter adopted by the World Bank. My conceptual framework was adapted mostly from scratch because Afghanistan's economy had not been studied with a similar topic in mind. This framework emphasized on early 'socialization' to find out why individuals invested in manufacturing and whether their investments led to a significant role for this sector in the economy of Afghanistan. The findings suggest that: 1) investment choices were deeply rooted in embodied (informal) institutions, 2) internal organization of enterprises reproduced these institutions, notably the hierarchy in the patriarchal family, transmitting the inequities from one social domain to another, and 3) manufacturing sector remained structurally insignificant (i.e., in regards to how resources were allocated in the economy) based on deductive proxies. That is, the role manufacturing sector played in the economy remained marginal.Building on my PhD research, I plan to investigate the politics and economics of state-building in Afghanistan during 2002-2021 as a case of 'disjuncture' between the two domains. This research could explain some of the structural reasons as to why the state did not cope with the abrupt ceasing of external support and collapsed in August, 2021. Adoption of depoliticized market-oriented policy in Afghanistan in parallel to an anti-government insurgency - among other reasons that made Afghanistan politically unstable - is a curious problem for political economy. It is interesting to examine whether despite the challenges to the autonomy of market by security conditions, the economic policy remained unchanged. This topic has not been critically examined in the research on Afghanistan (2001-2021). The investigation of this topic will draw on my master's and doctoral research, aiming to study the limitations of market-oriented policy in a place like Afghanistan (2001-2018) despite arguably witnessing the inflow of unprecedented international assistance during the study period.

我的博士调查了在市场经济中塑造私营部门投资的知识，同时遭受了政治不稳定的困扰 - 以2001年后的阿富汗为例。研究发现之所以独特，是因为它们提出了植根于社会结构（宗教和父权制家庭）的机构的作用，在这些机构中，人们可以看到个人投资的动力。这些投资是否足以在阿富汗（2001- 2018年）这样的地方发展制造业，这是我的研究为市场主导发展的批判性研究做出贡献的地方。经过轻微更正后，我于2021年7月完成了博士学位。该项目的经验证据是通过在2018年广泛的现场工作中收集的主要数据收集的。研究工具包括半结构化访谈和现场访问。总共研究了51家制造业企业，我亲自访问过现场票据，观察所有生产过程和地点。对制造业的关注是有必要的，因为阿富汗的经济一直由生存农业和非法贸易主导。因此，制造业活动的增长可能是一个积极的转变，并将在研究期间在阿富汗实施的经济政策的结果缓解 - 我希望在研究中进行研究。正在调查的历史时期是在阿富汗采用市场经济作为美国领导国际联盟国家机构（RE-）建设的一部分时。该政策促进了私营部门进行生产资源分配。在基本政策文件中重申了这种方法，并在阿富汗2001年后的宪法第10条中列出。由世界银行采用。我的概念框架主要是从头开始改编的，因为没有考虑到类似主题的阿富汗经济。该框架强调了早期的“社会化”，以了解为什么个人投资于制造业，以及他们的投资是否导致该行业在阿富汗经济中发挥重要作用。研究结果表明：1）投资选择深深植根于体现（非正式）机构，2）企业的内部组织复制了这些机构，尤其是父权制家族的层次结构，将不平等从一个社会领域传播到另一个社会领域，而3）基于演绎代理人，制造业在结构上仍然微不足道（即，关于如何在经济中分配资源）。也就是说，制造业在经济中所扮演的角色保持边缘地位。在我的博士学位研究上，我计划在2002 - 2021年期间调查阿富汗国家建设的政治和经济学，以此作为两个领域之间的“分离”。这项研究可以解释一些结构性原因，说明为什么国家没有应对突然停止外部支持并于2021年8月倒塌。在阿富汗采用了与反政府叛乱的平行于阿富汗的非政治化政策 - 使阿富汗在政治上不稳定的其他原因 - 对政治经济学来说是一个奇怪的问题。有趣的是，尽管安全条件对市场自治面临挑战，但经济政策仍然没有改变。在阿富汗研究（2001-2021）中，该主题尚未进行严格的研究。对该主题的调查将借鉴我的硕士和博士研究，旨在研究像阿富汗这样的地方（2001- 2018年）这样的面向市场政策的局限性，尽管可以说在研究期间见证了前所未有的国际援助的流入。