The Politics of Road transport InsuraNCE (PRINCE)

道路运输保险的政治 (PRINCE)

• 批准号: ES/W002108/1
• 负责人: Johannes Kester
• 金额: $ 30.9万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FW002108%2F1
• 关键词: Politics; Road; transport; InsuraNCE; PRINCE

This project studies the role of insurance in the transition of road transport: a systemic transformation of our mobility following changes and innovations in technology, user practices, policy, knowledge and business models.From an insurance perspective four developments stand out. (1) The growing availability of mobility data from increasingly real-time sensor data from vehicles, infrastructure, cameras, etc. (2) The automation and increasing connectivity of vehicles that shift liability from drivers and operators to automated and connected driving systems. (3) The electrification of vehicles, which adds new (fire) risks and cost calculations. And (4) the new (shared) forms of mobility that emerge around e-scooters, (private) car-sharing and ride-hailing services.There is a need to govern these trends as they come with new opportunities and risks to transport climate emission targets, road-safety, urban planning and accessibility. There is also a need to understand how insurers respond to these innovations that affect their whole business: from their risk analyses, product development and liability all the way to a potential shrinking of the overall market.These two needs are closely interrelated. The disciplines that study the insurance aspects of these developments, like law, transport and underwriting, typically do so with the goal to improve and optimize insurance assessments, products and premiums. Missing from this work is the insight from critical security studies (CSS) that insurance acts as a form of governance. For example, people who cannot afford or are rejected for insurance are legally excluded from driving a car in most developed countries. Similarly, insurers actively use premiums to guide 'risky' people, often young drivers, to drive more carefully. Insurance thus helps direct mobility, which implies that there is a direct link between how insurance is organized internally and how these aforementioned trends are governed socially.CSS offers this insight based on its study of the role that security plays in society. A core argument in CSS is that how people do security or insurance, not just whether people are secure or insured, is important because such acts and decisions inherently have discriminatory effects: they differentiate between those with and without protection and distribute resources accordingly. CSS thus asks why certain technologies, activities or behaviours are considered risky at certain times and places. This is an important question, because the four developments offer an opportunity to understand how insurers observe, learn and adapt their old routines to these new developments. Developments on which they have no or little data, statistical models, terms and conditions or claims handling processes.The aim of PRINCE is therefore to understand to what extent and how road transport insurance practices are affected by and affecting the above four developments in road transport. The first objective is to collect, classify, analyse and share recent information on the way road transport insurance practices are affected by and affecting the above listed trends. Over the course of 18 months, the project will conduct an academic literature review, a systematic empirical and legal document analysis and up to 75 stakeholder interviews across three carefully selected cases (the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands), organize workshops and distribute the findings. This will be accomplished with the help of a research associate, as the second aim and objective are for the investigator to gain the skills and experience to lead his own future research teams.In short, this project generates a deeper understanding of the role that insurance plays as a form of governance of a more sustainable road transport system while offering an updated empirical overview of how insurance deals with fast-changing transport innovations.

该项目研究了保险在道路运输转型中的作用：随着技术、用户实践、政策、知识和商业模式的变化和创新，我们的出行方式发生了系统性转变。从保险的角度来看，有四个发展引人注目。 (1) 来自车辆、基础设施、摄像头等的日益实时的传感器数据提供的移动数据的可用性不断增加。(2) 车辆的自动化和互联性不断增强，将责任从驾驶员和操作员转移到自动化和互联驾驶系统。 (3)车辆电气化，增加了新的（火灾）风险和成本计算。 (4) 围绕电动滑板车、（私人）汽车共享和乘车服务出现的新（共享）出行形式。需要治理这些趋势，因为它们给交通气候带来了新的机遇和风险排放目标、道路安全、城市规划和可达性。还需要了解保险公司如何应对这些影响其整个业务的创新：从风险分析、产品开发和责任一直到整个市场的潜在萎缩。这两种需求密切相关。研究这些发展的保险方面的学科，如法律、运输和承保，通常是为了改进和优化保险评估、产品和保费。这项工作缺少关键安全研究 (CSS) 的见解，即保险是一种治理形式。例如，在大多数发达国家，无力承担保险费用或被拒绝购买保险的人在法律上被排除在驾驶汽车之外。同样，保险公司积极利用保费来指导“有风险”的人（通常是年轻司机）更加小心地驾驶。因此，保险有助于直接流动，这意味着保险的内部组织方式与上述趋势的社会治理方式之间存在直接联系。CSS 基于其对安全在社会中所扮演的角色的研究提供了这一见解。 CSS 的一个核心论点是，人们如何进行安全或保险，而不仅仅是人们是否有安全或有保险，这一点很重要，因为此类行为和决策本质上具有歧视性效果：它们区分那些有保护和没有保护的人，并相应地分配资源。 CSS 因此询问为什么某些技术、活动或行为在某些时间和地点被认为是有风险的。这是一个重要的问题，因为这四项发展提供了一个机会来了解保险公司如何观察、学习和调整其旧惯例以适应这些新发展。他们没有或很少有数据、统计模型、条款和条件或索赔处理流程的发展。因此，PRINCE 的目的是了解道路运输保险实践在多大程度上以及如何受到上述四种道路运输发展的影响和影响。第一个目标是收集、分类、分析和共享有关道路运输保险实践受上述趋势影响的方式的最新信息。在 18 个月的时间里，该项目将进行学术文献综述、系统的实证和法律文件分析，并对三个精心挑选的案例（英国、德国和荷兰）进行多达 75 名利益相关者访谈，组织研讨会并分发发现。这将在研究员的帮助下完成，因为第二个目的和目标是让研究者获得领导自己未来研究团队的技能和经验。简而言之，该项目使人们对保险的作用有了更深入的了解。作为更可持续的道路运输系统的一种治理形式，同时提供保险如何应对快速变化的运输创新的最新实证概述。