Development of a high performance laminated transparent top-electrode for emerging thin-film photovoltaics

开发用于新兴薄膜光伏的高性能层压透明顶部电极

• 批准号: EP/V002023/1
• 负责人: Ross Hatton
• 金额: $ 58.79万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FV002023%2F1
• 关键词: Development; performance; laminated; transparent; top

Photovoltaic (PV) devices convert sunlight directly into electricity and so are set to play a major role in the global renewable energy landscape in the coming decades as humanity transitions to a low carbon future. Today's PVs are based on conventional semiconductors which are relatively energy-intensive to produce and largely restricted to rigid flat plate designs. Consequently, PVs that can be fabricated by printing at low temperature onto flexible substrates are attractive for a broad range of applications in buildings and transportation, where flexibility, colour-tuneability, light-weight and low cost are essential requirements. Two emerging PV technologies that have strong potential to meet these requirements are organic PVs and perovskite PVs. It is however widely recognised that these classes of PV can only fulfill their full cost-advantage and functional advantages over conventional thin film PVs if a suitable transparent, flexible electrode is forthcoming. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) is currently the dominant transparent conductor used in opto-electronics, including PVs. However, its fragile ceramic nature makes it poorly compatible with flexible substrates and indium has been identified as a 'critical raw material' for the European economic area, due to the high risk of supply shortages expected in the next 10 years. Consequently there is a need to develop a viable alternative to ITO and conducting oxide electrodes in general, particularly for utility in PVs where large quantities will be needed in the coming decades to help address the threat posed by global warming. This proposal seeks to address this challenge by developing a high performance transparent electrode based on a copper grid that can be integrated with the rest of the PV device by simple lamination. This approach avoids the inevitable compromises in electrode transparency and conductivity that arise when using the conventional approach of fabricating the transparent electrode directly on top of the rest of device. Two unconventional approaches to fabricating this electrode using low cost sustainable materials and processes will be explored. The outputs have the potential to be transformative for the advancement of OPV and PPV, as well numerous other optoelectronic devices requiring a transparent top-electrode. The UK is a global leader in the development of materials and processes for next generation PVs and so the outputs of the proposed research has strong potential to directly increase the economic competitiveness of the UK in this increasingly important sector and will help to address the now time critical challenge of climate change due to global warming.

光伏（PV）设备将阳光直接转化为电能，因此随着人类向低碳未来过渡，光伏设备将在未来几十年的全球可再生能源格局中发挥重要作用。当今的光伏发电基于传统半导体，其生产相对耗能，并且很大程度上局限于刚性平板设计。因此，可通过低温印刷到柔性基板上来制造的光伏器件对于建筑和交通领域的广泛应用具有吸引力，其中灵活性、颜色可调性、轻质和低成本是这些领域的基本要求。有机光伏和钙钛矿光伏是两种具有满足这些要求的强大潜力的新兴光伏技术。然而，人们普遍认识到，只有找到合适的透明、柔性电极，这些类型的光伏器件才能充分发挥其相对于传统薄膜光伏器件的成本优势和功能优势。氧化铟锡 (ITO) 是目前用于光电（包括光伏）的主要透明导体。然而，其易碎的陶瓷性质使其与柔性基板的兼容性较差，并且由于预计未来10年供应短缺的风险很高，铟已被确定为欧洲经济区的“关键原材料”。因此，需要开发一种可行的 ITO 电极和导电氧化物电极替代品，特别是对于光伏发电领域来说，未来几十年将需要大量电极来帮助应对全球变暖带来的威胁。该提案旨在通过开发一种基于铜栅的高性能透明电极来应对这一挑战，该电极可以通过简单的层压与光伏器件的其余部分集成。这种方法避免了使用直接在器件其余部分顶部制造透明电极的传统方法时出现的电极透明度和电导率不可避免的妥协。将探索使用低成本可持续材料和工艺制造这种电极的两种非常规方法。这些输出有可能对 OPV 和 PPV 以及许多其他需要透明顶部电极的光电器件的进步产生变革性的影响。英国在下一代光伏材料和工艺开发方面处于全球领先地位，因此拟议研究的成果具有强大的潜力，可以直接提高英国在这个日益重要的领域的经济竞争力，并将有助于解决当前的问题全球变暖带来的气候变化的严峻挑战。

项目成果

High Performance Transparent Silver Grid Electrodes for Organic Photovoltaics Fabricated by Selective Metal Condensation.

通过选择性金属缩合制造的有机光伏用高性能透明银栅电极。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1002/adma.202300166
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
• 作者: Bellchambers P