COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PROGRAMS FOR CHILDREN AND THE AGED

儿童和老年人项目的比较研究

• 批准号: 3330509
• 负责人: FRED C PAMPEL
• 金额: $ 1.88万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-01-01 至 1994-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3330509
• 关键词: Australia; Canada; Europe; Japan; New Zealand; United States; adolescence (12-20); age difference; child (0-11); child welfare; education; employment /unemployment; human data; human old age (65+); income; longitudinal human study; public assistance; retirement; social change; social service evaluation; socioeconomics; young adult human (21-34)

This study has two broad objectives. The first is to compare with cross- national data the level of government support for children relative to the elderly among high income nations with aging populations. Differences in public programs for children and the elderly in the U.S. have been the subject of much political and scholarly debate. Yet, systematic comparative evidence on the experience of economically and demographically similar nations is lacking. A comparative overview of patterns of public spending in European nations may identify cross- national divergence in public support of children and the elderly, and provide a framework from which the particular experience in the U.S. can be understood. The second objective is to examine the impact of demographic and political structures on age-based public policies in high income democracies. A thesis to be tested in the study is that under certain institutional conditions, governments increase rather than decrease transfers to the young in response to population aging. The goal is to identify through multivariate analysis the societal conditions that promote generational solidarity in public policy rather than generational or age competition. Using comparative data, then, the study will examine how national political contexts shape the impact of demographic, political, and social change on age-based public policies. The results can be used to address theoretical debates over the sources of changes in the status of the young and old in the U.S. To reach these general objectives, the project will gather annual time series data for 18 advanced industrial democracies on direct and indirect (i.e., tax expenditure) transfer spending and entitlements for a variety of programs aimed primarily at the young and old. The two most important age-based programs - pensions and family allowances - are to be measured in most detail, but benefits in the form of tax allowances, educational support, and social assistance will be examined as well. Further data on national demographic, social, economic, and political characteristics are to be gathered. With the detailed measures, the project will describe the trends in relative spending levels for the young and old in more detail than currently exists. It will also analyze the structural determinants of age-based spending by modelling context-specific political effects across nations in the impact of demographic and political change.

这项研究有两个广泛的目标。 首先是与交叉比较 国家数据 政府对儿童的支持水平 人口老龄化的高收入国家中的老年人。 美国儿童和老年人公共项目的差异 一直是许多政治和学术辩论的主题。 然而， 关于经济和社会经验的系统比较证据 缺乏人口结构相似的国家。 比较概述 欧洲国家的公共支出模式可能会确定跨 国家对儿童和老年人的公共支持存在差异，以及 提供一个框架，美国的特殊经验可以借鉴 被理解。 第二个目标是检查影响 人口和政治结构对高收入国家基于年龄的公共政策的影响 收入民主国家。 本研究要测试的一个论点是 在某些制度条件下，政府增加而不是 减少对年轻人的转移以应对人口老龄化。 这 目标是通过多变量分析确定社会状况 促进公共政策中的代际团结，而不是 代际或年龄竞争。 然后，利用比较数据，研究 将研究国家政治背景如何影响 基于年龄的公共政策的人口、政治和社会变化。 结果可用于解决有关来源的理论争论 美国年轻人和老年人地位的变化 为了实现这些总体目标，该项目将每年收集时间 18 个先进工业民主国家的直接和间接系列数据 （即税收支出）转移支出和各种权利 主要针对年轻人和老年人的项目。 最重要的两个 基于年龄的方案——养老金和家庭津贴——将得到衡量 最详细的，但以税收减免、教育等形式提供的福利 支持和社会援助也将受到审查。 更多数据 国家人口、社会、经济和政治特征 是要聚集的。 通过具体措施，该项目将 描述年轻人和老年人的相对支出水平的趋势 比目前存在的更详细。 还将分析结构 通过针对具体情况建模来确定基于年龄的支出的决定因素 各国对人口和人口的影响所产生的政治影响 政治变革。