Developing Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SFCLs) for Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft

开发用于分布式电力推进飞机的超导故障限流器 (SFCL)

• 批准号: EP/S000720/1
• 负责人: Xiaoze Pei
• 金额: $ 23.45万
• 依托单位: University of Bath
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FS000720%2F1
• 关键词: Developing; Superconducting; Fault; Current; Limiters

Distributed electric propulsion aircraft have been proposed by leading players in the aviation industry as a disruptive technology to address the environmental impact of air travel. Electric propulsion offers flexibility to distribute the electric power within the aircraft and better integration of distributed propulsion with airframe, leading to significant fuel saving, emission and noise reduction. The NASA N3-X concept aircraft for example has great potential to deliver 70% fuel saving relative to 2000 baseline. Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) are critically required to achieve reliability and safety of the distributed electric propulsion power system under different fault conditions. Resistive superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is the simplest and most compact design making use of the intrinsic superconductor material behaviour of quenching at high current levels and transitioning from negligible resistance to a high resistance to limit the fault current. Previous and ongoing SFCL research have been undertaken mainly for land-based power system. Resistive SFCLs have been successfully developed and demonstrated reliable operation in AC live-grids. Straight samples and small coils of 2G HTS conductors have been investigated for DC application. However, up to now there is no SFCL specially designed for aeroplane application. Compared with the land-based power system, the key challenges to design SFCL for aeroplane application is efficiency improvement and weight reduction in order to deliver minimum weight penalty. Therefore, there is a timely requirement to develop high efficiency and lightweight AC and DC SFCLs using both numerical and experimental methods to enable future development of large-scale electric propulsion aircraft.This project will meet this requirement by delivering 1) an AC SFCL with minimised AC losses, and 2) a DC SFCL with minimised HTS materials required. This will be achieved by determining the optimum combination of novel winding strategy and candidate HTS lamination material. Firstly, we will develop a new multi-physics finite element model coupling analysis of electromagnetic and thermal behaviour of the 2G HTS SFCL coil. The combination of novel winding strategies and HTS lamination materials which deliver optimum AC and DC SFCL coils will be investigated using the finite element model. Secondly, we will construct and characterise representative small helical coil for the AC SFCL. A 1 kA demonstration AC SFCL coil will also be built using the optimum combination identified and characterised in a wide range of operation temperature between 50 K and 77 K. Thirdly, we will construct and characterise a 1 kA DC SFCL demonstration coil and determine the optimum operating temperature in terms of minimum overall system weight. And finally, we will validate the multi-physics SFCL model and examine fundamental physics limitation based on the experimental results. We will also determine the pathway to scale up laboratory demonstrators to industry prototype. This will provide a vital step towards the realisation of high efficiency and lightweight SFCLs for aeroplane application. This work will be carried out in close collaboration with Airbus and Oxford Instruments, and will provide specific recommendations to scale up laboratory demonstrators to industry prototype.

航空业的主要参与者提出了分布式电动推进飞机，作为解决航空旅行的环境影响的破坏性技术。电动推进功能可以灵活地在飞机中分发电力，并更好地整合分布式推进与机身的整合，从而大大节省燃油，排放和降低噪音。例如，NASA N3-X概念飞机具有相对于2000年基线提供70％燃料的巨大潜力。在不同的断层条件下，非常需要超导故障电流限制器（SFCL）来实现分布式电推进功率系统的可靠性和安全性。电阻超导故障电流限制器（SFCL）是最简单，最紧凑的设计，它利用了在高电流水平下淬灭的固有超导体材料行为，并从可忽略的电阻到高电阻到限制故障电流。以前和正在进行的SFCL研究主要是针对陆基电力系统进行的。电阻SFCL已成功开发并证明了AC Live网格中的可靠操作。已经研究了2G HTS导体的直样样品和小线圈以进行直流。但是，到目前为止，还没有专门为飞机应用设计的SFCL。与陆基电力系统相比，针对飞机应用设计SFCL的关键挑战是提高效率和减轻体重，以提供最小的重量损失。因此，有及时的要求使用数值和实验方法来开发高效率和轻量级的AC和DC SFCL，以实现大规模电推进飞机的未来开发。该项目将通过提供最小化的AC SFCL来满足此要求交流损失和2）DC SFCL，具有最小的HTS材料。这将通过确定新型绕组策略和候选HTS层压材料的最佳组合来实现。首先，我们将开发一种新的多物理有限元模型模型耦合分析2G HTS SFCL线圈的电磁和热行为。将使用有限元模型研究提供最佳AC和DC SFCL线圈的新型绕组策略和HTS层压材料的组合。其次，我们将为AC SFCL构建和表征代表性的小螺旋线圈。还将使用在50 K和77 K之间识别和表征的最佳组合和表征的最佳组合也将建造1 Ka演示AC SFCL线圈。第三，我们将构造和表征1 Ka DC SFCL示范线圈并确定最佳工作温度以最小整体重量而言。最后，我们将验证多物理SFCL模型，并根据实验结果检查基本物理限制。我们还将确定将实验室示威者扩展到行业原型的途径。这将为实现高效率和轻质SFCL的飞机应用提供至关重要的一步。这项工作将与空中客车公司和牛津工具密切合作进行，并将提供具体的建议，以扩大实验室示威者为行业原型。

项目成果

Experimental Test and Analysis of AC Losses in Multifilamentary MgB 2 Wire

多丝MgB 2 线交流损耗的实验测试与分析

• DOI: 10.1109/tasc.2019.2903924
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Xi J

Experimental AC loss analysis of braid type non-inductive coil for superconducting fault current limiter

超导故障限流器编织型无感线圈实验交流损耗分析

• DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1559/1/012101
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Conference Series
• 作者: Song W

Analysing Faults and SFCL Response in Electric Aircraft

分析电动飞机的故障和 SFCL 响应

• DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1559/1/012103
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Conference Series
• 作者: Alafnan H

Integration of superconducting fault current limiter with solid-state DC circuit breaker

超导故障限流器与固态直流断路器集成

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108630
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Xi J

Application of SMES-FCL in Electric Aircraft for Stability Improvement

SMES-FCL在电动飞机中的应用以提高稳定性

• DOI: 10.1109/tasc.2019.2905950
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Alafnan H