High Performance and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays

基于垂直排列碳纳米管阵列的高性能稳定钙钛矿太阳能电池

基本信息

批准号：
EP/R043272/1
负责人：
Wei Zhang
金额：
$ 24.38万
依托单位：
University of Surrey
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FR043272%2F1
关键词：
Performance Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

项目摘要

Exploring clean and sustainable energy resources to meet the ever-increasing global energy demand becomes one of the biggest challenges in this century. This is due to the depletion of fossil fuels within the next 50 years and public concern on the environmental and climate change related to the consumption of fossil fuels. Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy resources, due to its wide availability and low environmental impact. Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells that can directly convert photons into electricity present an ideal solution to harvest solar energy. A recent forecast predicts that solar PVs will contribute nearly a third of newly installed electricity generation capacity worldwide between now and 2030. Although crystalline silicon solar cells still dominate the PV market due to high module efficiency and mature techniques, they are still less competitive in cost to the traditional energy resources, which calls for the development of novel PV technologies with the highest performance and the lowest cost. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a new class of thin film solar cells based on earth-abundant materials and cheap deposition techniques. The unexpected boosting of device performance in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE) has rocketed up from an initial 3.8% to a certified 22.7% within a few years' research efforts, which is unprecedented in the history of PV technologies. Although PSCs are very promising to take a significant PV market share in the next few years, their commercialization is still hampered by the relatively poor material stability under ambient conditions. Moreover, the cost of solar power is determined not only by the PV modules themselves but also by the fixed costs of frames, inverters, installation and land, etc. Because the fixed costs are not reduced as fast as the cost of PV modules, the key route to continuously reduce the cost of solar powers is to enhance the absolute PCE of the PV modules, without overtly increasing their cost. In this proposal, we aim to provide a solution to these challenges of large-scale deployment of PSCs, by further pushing the PCE of state-of-the-art PSCs toward their theoretical limit, and simultaneously improving their long-term stability. Our methodologies largely rely on the combination of new materials and innovation of device structure. In particular, we will employ carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays and fullerenes as the charge collection layers in a new device structure termed as "vertical heterojunction". This "full carbon" based PSCs are expected to exhibit improved PCE and stability beyond the-state-of-the-art devices. This is because both CNT arrays and fullerenes are good charge carrier conductors, and vertically aligned CNT arrays will further enhance the charge collection efficiency due to the direct charge transport pathways toward the conductive substrates and much larger contact areas between perovskite and CNTs. Another important innovation of this project is that the carbon nanomaterials work simultaneously as the encapsulating materials that protect perovskite from moisture and heat, so as to improve the device long-term stability without increasing production cost. This study will provide new insights into the development of novel interfacial materials and device structures towards more efficient and stable PSCs for their future commercialisation. Whilst this proposal primarily responds to calls within the PSC community for detailed investigations on device efficiency and stability, it naturally supports the domestic research based on solution-processed thin film PVs in general, thereby helping to maintain the U.K.'s leading position in advanced solar cell concepts and technology development.

探索清洁、可持续的能源以满足不断增长的全球能源需求成为本世纪最大的挑战之一。这是由于化石燃料将在未来50年内枯竭，以及公众对与化石燃料消耗相关的环境和气候变化的担忧。太阳能因其广泛的可用性和对环境的影响低而成为最重要的可再生能源之一。光伏（PV）太阳能电池可以直接将光子转化为电能，是收集太阳能的理想解决方案。最近的预测预测，从现在到2030年，太阳能光伏发电将占全球新增发电量的近三分之一。尽管晶硅太阳能电池由于组件效率高、技术成熟，仍然在光伏市场占据主导地位，但其成本竞争力仍然较差传统能源的发展需要开发性能最高、成本最低的新型光伏技术。钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）已成为基于地球丰富的材料和廉价沉积技术的新型薄膜太阳能电池。经过几年的研究努力，器件的功率转换效率（PCE）性能出人意料地从最初的3.8%飙升至经认证的22.7%，这在光伏技术史上是前所未有的。尽管PSC很有希望在未来几年占据重要的光伏市场份额，但其商业化仍然受到环境条件下相对较差的材料稳定性的阻碍。而且，太阳能发电的成本不仅由光伏组件本身决定，还由框架、逆变器、安装、土地等固定成本决定。由于固定成本的下降速度不如光伏组件的成本下降得快，持续降低太阳能发电成本的关键途径是在不大幅增加成本的情况下，提高光伏组件的绝对PCE。在本提案中，我们的目标是通过进一步将最先进的PSC的PCE推向理论极限，同时提高其长期稳定性，为PSC大规模部署的这些挑战提供解决方案。我们的方法很大程度上依赖于新材料和器件结构创新的结合。特别是，我们将采用碳纳米管（CNT）阵列和富勒烯作为称为“垂直异质结”的新器件结构中的电荷收集层。这种基于“全碳”的 PSC 预计将表现出超越最先进设备的改进的 PCE 和稳定性。这是因为碳纳米管阵列和富勒烯都是良好的电荷载流子导体，并且由于朝向导电基底的直接电荷传输路径以及钙钛矿和碳纳米管之间更大的接触面积，垂直排列的碳纳米管阵列将进一步提高电荷收集效率。该项目的另一项重要创新在于，碳纳米材料同时作为保护钙钛矿免受湿气和热影响的封装材料，从而在不增加生产成本的情况下提高器件的长期稳定性。这项研究将为新型界面材料和器件结构的开发提供新的见解，以实现更高效、更稳定的 PSC 的未来商业化。虽然该提案主要响应 PSC 界对器件效率和稳定性进行详细研究的呼吁，但它自然支持国内基于溶液加工薄膜光伏的研究，从而有助于保持英国在先进太阳能领域的领先地位细胞概念和技术开发。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Tailoring Perovskite Adjacent Interfaces by Conjugated Polyelectrolyte for Stable and Efficient Solar Cells

DOI：
10.1002/solr.202000060
发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Bowei Li;Yuren Xiang;K. Jayawardena;Deying Luo;J. Watts;S. Hinder;Hui Li;V. Ferguson;Haitian Lu
通讯作者：
Bowei Li;Yuren Xiang;K. Jayawardena;Deying Luo;J. Watts;S. Hinder;Hui Li;V. Ferguson;Haitian Lu

Direct Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes onto Transparent Conductive Oxide Glass for Enhanced Charge Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells