RS Fellow - EPSRC grant (2016): Investigating Measurement Incompatibility in Quantum Theory

RS 研究员 - EPSRC 资助 (2016)：研究量子理论中的测量不兼容性

基本信息

批准号：
EP/R00644X/1
负责人：
Paul Skrzypczyk
金额：
$ 33.57万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FR00644X%2F1
关键词：
RS Fellow EPSRC grant 2016

项目摘要

One of the most famous predictions of quantum theory is Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, which says that the uncertainty in the position of an object, multiplied by the uncertainty in its momentum, is fundamentally constrained, to never be smaller than half the reduced Planck constant, one of the fundamental constants of nature. This is one of the striking consequences of the so-called incompatibility of the measurements of position and momentum, that it is impossible, at a fundamental level, to ever devise a way to measure the position and the momentum of an object at the same time.Measurement incompatibility is a generic feature of quantum measurements, and one of the basic features of quantum theory. It is one of the places where a complete departure from classical physics occurs. Although seemingly a limitation, it in fact opens up the possibility of many fascinating new effects, not least the nonlocal effects of quantum theory, whereby measurements on one system seemingly affect - instantaneously - distant systems, in a way which defies classical explanation.In this project I plan to investigate some of the fascinating problems concerning measurement incompatibility that remain open, especially those which relate to the nonlocality that such measurements can generate, and questions motivated by quantum information theory, where one uses quantum effects to process information in ways which are impossible classically.In particular, it is still unknown if every set of incompatible measurements leads to quantum nonlocality, or if additional properties of the measurements are required, a basic structural question. Moreover, the role that measurement incompatibility plays in quantum networks involving many parties is little explored, but very relevant from a quantum information perspective. Quantum measurements also necessarily disturb the system being probed. How the amount of disturbance relates to incompatibility is not well understood, and warrants further investigation. Finally, even when measurements are in principle compatible, the way in which they can be measured simultaneously can be extremely complex. Understanding which compatible measurements are the most complicated, or how to devise less complex methods to measure them are interesting problems.Answering these fascinating questions will surely improve our understanding of quantum measurements, and open to door to further investigation.

量子理论最著名的预测之一是海森堡的不确定性原理，该原理指出，物体位置的不确定性乘以其动量的不确定性，从根本上被限制为永远不会小于简化的普朗克常数的一半，即自然的基本常数。这是所谓的位置和动量测量不相容的显着后果之一，从根本上讲，不可能设计出一种同时测量物体位置和动量的方法。测量不相容性是量子测量的普遍特征，也是量子理论的基本特征之一。它是完全背离经典物理学的地方之一。虽然看起来是一个限制，但它实际上开启了许多令人着迷的新效应的可能性，尤其是量子理论的非局域效应，即一个系统的测量似乎瞬间影响遥远的系统，以一种违背经典解释的方式。我计划研究一些有关测量不兼容性的令人着迷的问题，这些问题仍然悬而未决，特别是那些与此类测量可能产生的非局域性相关的问题，以及由量子信息理论引发的问题，其中人们使用量子效应以以下方式处理信息：经典上不可能的。特别是，它仍然未知是否每组不兼容的测量都会导致量子非定域性，或者是否需要测量的附加属性，这是一个基本的结构问题。此外，测量不兼容性在涉及多方的量子网络中所扮演的角色很少被探讨，但从量子信息的角度来看非常相关。量子测量也必然会干扰被探测的系统。干扰量与不兼容性之间的关系尚不清楚，需要进一步调查。最后，即使测量原则上是兼容的，同时测量它们的方式也可能极其复杂。了解哪些兼容的测量是最复杂的，或者如何设计不太复杂的方法来测量它们是有趣的问题。回答这些有趣的问题肯定会提高我们对量子测量的理解，并为进一步研究打开大门。