Improved post-operative vision using advanced optical measurement techniques

使用先进的光学测量技术改善术后视力

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    EP/M010473/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 87.02万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2015 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Cataract (clouding of the lens of the eye) is primarily a problem of aging; more than half of the over 65s have some degree of cataract, and cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed operations in the UK, helping over a quarter of a million patients per year. For the vast majority, after removal of the cataractous lens, an artificial lens must be implanted to achieve good vision. The refractive power of this lens, chosen to minimize blurring at the retina, is calculated from preoperative measurements of the refractive elements of the eye, including the dimensions of the cornea, aqueous humour, lens and vitreous humour, and the curvatures at the interfaces between element.For well over a century, 'schematic eyes', or mathematical models, have been used to assess the overall optical refraction of the human eye, using assumed refractive index values for each element. The models have been refined over the years, as better information on the various required parameters has become available, and are still used today. The 21st century has seen the development of new methods for ocular measurements, in particular the application of optical coherence tomography (OCT), a low-power, non-laser, non-invasive imaging technique, to in vivo measurement of optical path length. However the very precision of the technique calls into question the standard RI values used in calculating IOL powers from schematic eyes. The quality of distance vision resulting from artificial lenses, post-surgery, is generally good, but further improvement can often be obtained by the use of spectacles, particularly for long-sighted and short-sighted patients, suggesting that assumed refractive index values are sometimes wanting.The aim of the proposed research is to allow measurement of the refractive index, in vivo, for each separate element within the eye. This will enable a more accurate calculation of the correct artificial lens power to be made for an individual cataract patient, reducing, or even avoiding altogether, the post-surgery necessity of spectacles for distance vision. Given the incidence of cataract worldwide, the benefits, in terms of cost-savings and convenience to cataract patients following surgery, would be extremely widespread.OCT is a very high resolution technique, providing detailed images of structures inside the eye, down to individual cones, only a few micrometres across, within the retina. Depth within the image always appears, however, as the product of physical distance and group index; a quantity related to, but not identical to, refractive index. The two parameters cannot be separated. To obtain the group index, and hence the refractive index, an independent measurement of physical distance is required, provided, in the proposed work, by another optical technique known as confocal imaging, in which a pinhole is positioned such that only light from a certain depth within the sample can pass through the pinhole to reach the detector.Difficulties to be overcome in developing this technique include: (a) the generation of beams with a sufficiently small focused spot diameter and depth of field to define the location of a tissue boundary within an image to about 1 micrometre, (b) elimination of image artefacts caused by motion of the eye, relative to the instrument, during signal acquisition, and (c) the correction of image aberrations resulting in blurring of the focused light spot and hence reducing measurement resolution, (d) adjustment of the measuring instrument to remain centred on, and perpendicular to, the apex of the cornea during acquisition of a dataset.Methods have been considered to address all these problems, and it is anticipated that the final version of the resulting instrument will be able to measure refractive index with accuracy and precision in the third decimal place, a major advance over the current lack of techniques for in vivo measurement of this important parameter.
白内障(眼睛晶状体混浊)主要是衰老问题;超过一半的 65 岁以上老人患有某种程度的白内障,白内障手术是英国最常进行的手术之一,每年帮助超过 25 万患者。对于绝大多数人来说,摘除白内障晶状体后,必须植入人工晶状体才能获得良好的视力。选择该晶状体的屈光力是为了最大限度地减少视网膜模糊,通过术前测量眼睛的屈光元件来计算,包括角膜、房水、晶状体和玻璃体的尺寸,以及之间界面的曲率。一个多世纪以来,“示意图”或数学模型一直被用来评估人眼的整体光学折射,使用每个元素的假设折射率值。随着有关各种所需参数的更好信息的出现,这些模型多年来一直在不断完善,并且至今仍在使用。 21 世纪见证了眼部测量新方法的发展,特别是光学相干断层扫描 (OCT)(一种低功率、非激光、非侵入性成像技术)在体内光程长度测量中的应用。然而,该技术的精确度让人对从示意图计算 IOL 屈光力时使用的标准 RI 值产生疑问。手术后由人工晶状体产生的远视力质量通常良好,但通常可以通过使用眼镜获得进一步的改善,特别是对于远视和近视患者,这表明假设的折射率值有时是所提议的研究的目的是允许在体内测量眼睛内每个单独元件的折射率。这将能够更准确地计算出每位白内障患者的正确人工晶状体屈光度,从而减少甚至完全避免手术后远视力佩戴眼镜的必要性。鉴于白内障在全球范围内的发病率,白内障患者手术后的成本节约和便利性方面的好处将是非常广泛的。OCT 是一种非常高分辨率的技术,可提供眼睛内部结构的详细图像,直至单个视锥细胞,直径只有几微米,位于视网膜内。然而,图像内的深度始终显示为物理距离和组索引的乘积;与折射率相关但不相同的量。这两个参数不能分开。为了获得群折射率,从而获得折射率,需要对物理距离进行独立测量,在所提出的工作中,通过另一种称为共焦成像的光学技术提供,其中针孔的位置使得只有来自特定样品内的深度可以穿过针孔到达检测器。开发这项技术需要克服的困难包括:(a)生成具有足够小的聚焦光斑直径和景深的光束来定义组织边界的位置图像内大约为 1千分尺,(b) 消除在信号采集过程中由于眼睛相对于仪器的运动而引起的图像伪影,以及 (c) 校正图像像差,导致聚焦光点模糊,从而降低测量分辨率,(d) )在采集数据集期间调整测量仪器以保持以角膜顶点为中心并垂直于角膜顶点。已经考虑了解决所有这些问题的方法,并且预计最终版本的仪器将是能够测量屈光度指数的准确度和精确度达到小数点后第三位,相对于目前缺乏体内测量这一重要参数的技术来说,这是一个重大进步。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(4)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Refractive index and dispersion measurement using low-coherence interferometry with broadband confocal scanning
使用低相干干涉测量和宽带共焦扫描进行折射率和色散测量
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2018
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Francis D
  • 通讯作者:
    Francis D
Low-coherence and broadband confocal refractometry: reducing the measurement time
低相干宽带共焦折射测量:减少测量时间
Spectrometer-based refractive index and dispersion measurement using low-coherence interferometry with confocal scanning.
使用低相干干涉法和共焦扫描进行基于光谱仪的折射率和色散测量。
  • DOI:
    http://dx.10.1364/oe.26.003604
  • 发表时间:
    2018
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.8
  • 作者:
    Francis D
  • 通讯作者:
    Francis D
Influence of aberrations on confocal-based remote refractive index measurements.
像差对基于共焦的远程折射率测量的影响。
  • DOI:
    http://dx.10.1364/ao.58.006474
  • 发表时间:
    2019
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.9
  • 作者:
    Ford HD
  • 通讯作者:
    Ford HD
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Ralph Tatam其他文献

Ralph Tatam的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Ralph Tatam', 18)}}的其他基金

Thermal monitoring instrumentation for metal additive manufacturing - PYRAM
用于金属增材制造的热监测仪器 - PYRAM
  • 批准号:
    EP/W025035/1
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 87.02万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Integrated optical position and orientation sensing for manufacturing robotics
用于制造机器人的集成光学位置和方向传感
  • 批准号:
    EP/S01313X/1
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 87.02万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Point of care diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease using laser spectroscopy
使用激光光谱对胃肠道疾病进行即时诊断
  • 批准号:
    EP/P015603/1
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 87.02万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Engineering Photonics: Sensor and Instrumentation Development and Application
工程光子学:传感器和仪器仪表的开发与应用
  • 批准号:
    EP/N002520/1
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 87.02万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Novel optical instrumentation for robotic manufacturing
用于机器人制造的新型光学仪器
  • 批准号:
    EP/M020401/1
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 87.02万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
OCT for 2D and 3D velocity measurement in micro-fluidic flows
用于微流体流动中 2D 和 3D 速度测量的 OCT
  • 批准号:
    EP/L014637/1
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 87.02万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Multi-wavelength tunable lasers for gas spectroscopy
用于气体光谱的多波长可调谐激光器
  • 批准号:
    EP/I002278/1
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 87.02万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Speckle velocimetry for high accuracy and multi-dimensional odometry
用于高精度和多维里程计的散斑测速
  • 批准号:
    EP/H019839/1
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 87.02万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Engineering Photonics: Development and Application of Instrumentation and Sensors
工程光子学:仪器仪表和传感器的开发与应用
  • 批准号:
    EP/H02252X/1
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 87.02万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Filtered Rayleigh scattering for multi-parameter fluid flow analysis
用于多参数流体流动分析的滤波瑞利散射
  • 批准号:
    EP/G033900/1
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 87.02万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

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胶质母细胞瘤血脑和血肿瘤屏障动力学的性别差异
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