Sustainable Oxidation Catalysts for the Production of Solar Hydrogen and Chlorine from Brine

用于从盐水中生产太阳能氢和氯的可持续氧化催化剂

基本信息

批准号：
EP/M008754/1
负责人：
Jawwad Darr
金额：
$ 72.57万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FM008754%2F1
关键词：
Sustainable Oxidation Catalysts Production Solar

项目摘要

SummaryThe primary aim of this project is to produce new, sustainable oxidation catalysts that allow the creation of efficient wireless, photodiode, solar to chemical energy conversion devices for the splitting of brine/seawater. In brine, H2, alkali and Cl2 (or H2 and sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl will be the (separated) products. Hydrogen will be stored to provide heat at a later date (by burning) or used to produce electricity (via an H2/O2 fuel cell). The oxidised chloride will be stored either as Cl2, or hypochlorite, to provide a route to chlorinate water, or provide a disinfectant. The programme will produce inexpensive demonstrators which can be readily scaled up for use in the household - i.e. on a 'personalised' energy and disinfectant scale. Such systems are particularly suited for use in the developing countries, although the subsequent development of substantially scaled up systems - involving solar farms - will allow the production of these valuable, storable, chemical products at a level suitable for widespread use by a town and/or local industry. The latter scaled up systems will form the basis of a subsequent, second follow on stage, industry led, developmental program of work, whereas the first stage project described here will focus on the proof of concept and initial creation of scalable demonstrators. The proposed novel ClOCs developed in the project will utilise inexpensive, abundant nanomaterials (such as: oxides of Mn, Ni or Co), although, in some cases, these will be doped with well-dispersed, much more active, but less abundant ones, such as Ru dioxide. These nanomaterials will also be coated onto high surface area conducting carbons, which will allow them to be partly supported and active. A novel, combinatorial approach, using High-throughput Continuous Hydrothermal flow synthesis, HiTCH and, to a lesser extent, other - electrochemical and photochemical synthetic methods, will be used to produce a wide range of oxidation catalysts. Novel, colour-based rapid screening methods will be used to provide initial assessments of their activities and a wide range of techniques will be used to assess their physical properties. The best of the catalysts generated will be optimised in terms of performance as electrocatalysts and subjected to more detailed electro-kinetic and structural studies (e.g. XANES and XAFS) and subsequent mechanistic and structural modelling. This work will help identify key structural features associated with the most active of the electrocatalysts tested and inform on the best routes to be taken in the subsequent synthesis of related materials as oxidation catalysts of possible greater potential. Finally, the best of all the electrocatalysts tested will be used to create simple, exemplar, scalable working wireless photodiode solar energy conversion devices, which utilise inexpensive, efficient, triple-junction Si photovoltaic cells as the light-absorbing unit, for the photocleavage of water or brine (including seawater).

总结该项目的主要目的是生产新的，可持续的氧化催化剂，允许创建有效的无线，光电二极管，太阳能到化学能转换设备，以分裂盐水/海水。 In brine, H2, alkali and Cl2 (or H2 and sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl will be the (separated) products. Hydrogen will be stored to provide heat at a later date (by burning) or used to produce electricity (via an H2/O2 fuel cell). The oxidised chloride will be stored either as Cl2, or hypochlorite, to provide a route to chlorinate water, or provide a disinfectant. The programme将生产廉价的示威者可以在家庭中缩放范围，即在“个性化”能量和消毒量表上，这些系统特别适合在发展中国家使用，尽管随后涉及太阳能农场的缩放系统的发展将允许在这些有价值的，稳定的，稳定的化学产品中，以延伸的范围来延伸。在随后的第二个舞台上，行业LED，开发计划的工作中，此处描述的第一个项目将重点关注概念验证和最初创建可扩展的示威者。该项目中开发的拟议的新型CLOC将利用廉价，丰富的纳米材料（例如：Mn，Ni或Co的氧化物），尽管在某些情况下，这些纳米材料会掺入浓度，更活跃，但更丰富的纳米材料，例如Ru dioxide。这些纳米材料也将覆盖到高表面积的导电碳，这将使它们得到部分支撑和活跃。一种新型的组合方法，使用高通量连续的热液流合成，挂钩，并且在较小程度上，其他电化学和光化学合成方法将用于产生广泛的氧化催化剂。基于新颖的，基于颜色的快速筛查方法将用于提供其活动的初步评估，并且将使用多种技术来评估其物理特性。生成的催化剂中最好的催化剂将以电催化剂的性能进行优化，并进行更详细的电 - 运动和结构研究（例如XANES和XAFS）以及随后的机械和结构建模。这项工作将有助于确定与经过测试的最活跃的电催化剂相关的关键结构特征，并告知随后合成相关材料作为可能更大潜力的氧化催化剂时所采取的最佳途径。最后，在经过测试的所有电催化剂中，最好的方法将用于创建简单的，示例性的，可扩展的无线光电二极管太阳能转换设备，该设备使用廉价，高效，三重结构的SI光伏电池作为光或盐水（包括Seawater）的光量（包括海水）。