ANALOGIES: Analogues of Cities

类比：城市的类比

• 批准号: EP/I016791/1
• 负责人: Michael Batty
• 金额: $ 25.68万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FI016791%2F1
• 关键词: ANALOGIES; Analogues; Cities

This Feasibility Account is designed to develop, deepen, realise and disseminate the role of analogies or 'shared abstractions' that we continually and routinely make in developing and speculating upon the way complex systems function. Nowhere is this more evident that in systems that are intrinsically ill-defined, manifesting a degree of complexity where the scientific canons of parsimony are difficult to engender. Indeed complexity theory has been largely developed to map more abstract structures onto such systems and to exploit their correspondence through analogies. Cities are the example par excellence. Indeed analogies between the human body and the city go back to Plato, and have remained central to the sorts of shared abstractions that have pervaded the language of architects and planners since the time of Leonardo da Vinci and Vitruvius. The notion that the form of the city and the body represent similar systems in which their shape represents the system for transporting energy to their parts (radial routes and streets v. arteries and veins) from their economic cores (central business district v. heart) has been deeply embedded in the rhetoric of city planning for more than century. What we will do in this project is develop a series of key analogies between the way cities function and various electrical, mechanical, biological and human systems such as fluid flows, potential energies and electricity, and dynamic mechanisms, exploring these analogies in a depth that has not been possible hitherto. We now have a veritable cornucopia of such shared abstractions and it is opportune to begin to assemble these and formalise them so that, in the first instance, they will inform as to the best ways forward in developing the many models that are used to examine the functions and structure of cities. Deepening these analogies is thus our first quest. Our second is to translate these analogies into models or analogues that we might realise in tangible form, using the term tangible to span the material and the digital. The process of constructing such analogues is quite new. In the past, these have been developed in an ad hoc manner but in this project we will develop them in symbolic terms as far we can and then translate them into physical and digital analogues. The third quest is to locate these in an environment that users who will include our own inter-disciplinary team as well as professional stakeholders can learn from these models, improving their understanding, their problem solving capabilities and the power of their designs. We will call the mini-media lab An Outlook Tower for the 21st Century after the example of Sir Patrick Geddes who was an early exponent of this mode of participation. This environment will be portable and reproducible and we will seek to engage with stakeholders in communities using UCL's Beacon of Engagement initiative, once the project has developed the requisite materials.

本可行性说明旨在发展、深化、实现和传播类比或“共享抽象”的作用，这些类比或“共享抽象”是我们在开发和推测复杂系统运作方式时不断例行进行的。在本质上定义不明确的系统中，这一点最为明显，表现出一定程度的复杂性，而简约性的科学准则很难产生。事实上，复杂性理论已在很大程度上发展为将更抽象的结构映射到此类系统上，并通过类比来利用它们的对应关系。城市就是典型的例子。事实上，人体与城市之间的类比可以追溯到柏拉图，并且一直是自列奥纳多·达·芬奇和维特鲁威时代以来建筑师和规划师的语言中普遍存在的共享抽象概念的核心。城市的形式和身体代表了类似的系统，其中它们的形状代表了将能量从其经济核心（中央商务区与心脏）输送到其各个部分（径向路线和街道与动脉和静脉）的系统的概念一个多世纪以来，这一概念已深深植根于城市规划的言辞之中。我们在这个项目中要做的是在城市运作方式与各种电气、机械、生物和人体系统（例如流体流动、势能和电力以及动态机制）之间建立一系列关键类比，深入探索这些类比迄今为止这是不可能的。我们现在拥有了一个名副其实的共享抽象的聚宝盆，现在是时候开始组装这些并将它们形式化，以便首先它们将告知开发用于检查城市的功能和结构。因此，加深这些类比是我们的首要任务。我们的第二个是将这些类比转化为我们可以以有形形式实现的模型或类似物，使用有形一词来跨越材料和数字。构建此类类似物的过程是相当新的。过去，这些都是以临时方式开发的，但在这个项目中，我们将尽可能以象征性的方式开发它们，然后将它们转化为物理和数字模拟。第三个任务是将这些模型置于一个环境中，让包括我们自己的跨学科团队以及专业利益相关者在内的用户可以从这些模型中学习，提高他们的理解、解决问题的能力和设计的力量。我们将迷你媒体实验室称为 21 世纪展望塔，以帕特里克·格迪斯爵士（Sir Patrick Geddes）为例，他是这种参与模式的早期倡导者。该环境将是可移植和可复制的，一旦项目开发了必要的材料，我们将利用伦敦大学学院的参与灯塔计划与社区中的利益相关者进行接触。

项目成果

Urban Regeneration as Self-Organisation

作为自组织的城市更新

• DOI: 10.1002/ad.1349
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Architectural Design
• 影响因子: 0.3
• 作者: Batty M

Systemic Architecture: Operating Manual for the Self Organizing City

系统架构：自组织城市操作手册

• 发表时间: 2012
• 作者: Poletto, Marco;Pasquero, Claudia
• 通讯作者: Pasquero, Claudia

Visualizing Space-Time Dynamics in Scaling Systems

• DOI: 10.1002/cplx.20342
• 发表时间: 2010-11-01
• 期刊: COMPLEXITY
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Batty, Michael

Visualisation Tools for Understanding Big Data

• DOI: 10.1068/b3903ed
• 发表时间: 2012-06
• 期刊: Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design
• 作者: J. Cheshire;M. Batty

Smart cities of the future

• DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2012-01703-3
• 发表时间: 2012-11-01
• 期刊: EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Batty, M.;Axhausen, K. W.;Portugali, Y.
• 通讯作者: Portugali, Y.