Canada_IPAP: Impact of alternative nutrition management on AMR burden, transmission and trends in dairy cattle.

Canada_IPAP：替代营养管理对奶牛 AMR 负担、传播和趋势的影响。

• 批准号: BB/X012794/1
• 负责人: Linda Boniface Oyama
• 金额: $ 19.23万
• 依托单位: Queen's University Belfast
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FX012794%2F1
• 关键词: Canada_IPAP; Impact; alternative; nutrition; management

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to resist antimicrobial treatments. It is an urgent global public health threat with a direct impact on human and animal health. AMR carries a heavy economic burden due to higher costs of treatments and reduced productivity caused by sickness. Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials are the main drivers in the development of drug-resistant pathogens, including in livestock production. In dairy cattle, antibiotics important in treating pathogens in humans such as penicillin, cephalosporin and tetracycline are also used extensively to treat mastitis.Furthermore, AMR associated bacteria in livestock can be shed and disseminated to humans via direct contact, or through contact with the environment such as soil, water and faecal material, or through cross-contamination during food processing through a process known as horizontal gene transfer. Recent research has shown that diet has important effects on the presence and types of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) present in dairy cows. The shedding and dissemination of ARGs by dairy cows has also been attributed to stress response of gastrointestinal tract microorganisms in relation to diet, and infection by harmful bacteria. This is an important finding as feeding management and dietary change are crucial for metabolic adaptation especially in the transition dairy cows. The transition period in dairy cows is the time between 3 weeks before calving to 3 weeks after calving. This period is critical for the health, fertility, and productivity of dairy cows as cows go through drastic metabolic and changes which render them extremely vulnerable to diseases. Therefore, their diet and energy intake during this period is important to boost their immunity and prevent high incidences of infectious diseases which may lead to increased antibiotic use and thus increased resistance.It is clear that nutritional changes provide the largest opportunities for improving health, reducing antibiotic usage and reducing AMR in dairy cattle. And so, to ameliorate the problem of AMR whilst bosting animal health, the use of non-antibiotic feed supplementation is gaining traction in the dairy industry. However, the impact of these feed supplements on AMR burden and spread of is largely unknown. This emphasises the importance of fundamental research into how feed supplementation contributes to not only animal health and immunity but to AMR burden and transmission, specifically in the dairy industry, currently worth £4.4bn in market prices.Therefore, in this study, we will investigate potential of using milk permeate as a feed supplement in transition dairy cows to improve animal health while assessing the effect this will have on the AMR burden of dairy.Milk permeate, is a major by-product of milk processing for cheese and yogurt production Its dried is sometimes used to replace starches in dairy cow diets. However, the use of this product has been limited due to the cost associated with drying and transport and as such, there is always an oversupply of milk permeate. For example, >1M and 30M litres of milk was dumped in the UK and Canada respectively in 2020.We aim to assess the potential of using surplus milk permeate (in its liquid form), which would otherwise be dumped, as feed supplements to improve immunity and health for transition dairy cow. This allows us address of creating a circular economy. We will also address the gaps in knowledge regarding dietary change and feeding management using milk permeate and the corresponding effect on the presence and transmission of ARGs during the transition period of dairy cows.

抗菌素耐药性（AMR）是微生物抵抗抗菌治疗的能力，它是一个紧迫的全球公共卫生威胁，直接影响人类和动物健康，因为抗菌素耐药性造成的治疗成本较高和生产力下降，带来了沉重的经济负担。抗生素的滥用和过度使用是产生耐药性病原体的主要驱动力，包括在奶牛中，青霉素等抗生素对治疗人类病原体很重要。头孢菌素和四环素也广泛用于治疗乳腺炎。此外，牲畜体内的 AMR 相关细菌可以通过直接接触，或通过与土壤、水和粪便等环境接触，或通过饲养过程中的交叉污染，传播给人类。最近的研究表明，饮食对奶牛中抗菌素耐药性基因 (ARG) 的存在和类型具有重要影响。奶牛传播 ARG 还归因于与饮食有关的胃肠道微生物的应激反应以及有害细菌的感染，这是一个重要的发现，因为饲喂管理和饮食变化对于代谢适应至关重要，尤其是在围产期奶牛中。奶牛的过渡期是指产犊前 3 周至产犊后 3 周之间的时间，这一时期对于奶牛的健康、繁殖力和生产力至关重要，因为奶牛经历剧烈的新陈代谢和变化，从而导致奶牛死亡。因此，他们在这个时期的饮食和能量摄入对于增强免疫力和预防传染病高发非常重要，这可能导致抗生素使用增加，从而增加抵抗力。很明显，营养变化提供了最大的帮助。因此，为了改善奶牛的抗生素耐药性问题，同时促进动物健康，使用非抗生素饲料补充剂在乳制品行业中越来越受欢迎。这些 AMR 饲料补充剂这强调了基础研究的重要性，即饲料补充剂不仅有助于动物健康和免疫力，而且有助于抗菌素耐药性负担和传播，特别是在乳制品行业，目前市场价格为 44 亿英镑。在这项研究中，我们将调查使用低蛋白乳作为过渡期奶牛饲料补充剂以改善动物健康的潜力，同时评估这对乳制品 AMR 负担的影响。低蛋白乳是牛奶的主要副产品奶酪加工和酸奶生产 其干燥物有时用于替代奶牛日粮中的淀粉，但由于干燥和运输相关的成本，该产品的使用受到限制，因此渗透乳总是供应过剩。 2020 年，英国和加拿大分别倾倒了超过 100 万升和 3000 万升牛奶。我们的目标是评估使用剩余的低渗透乳（液体形式）作为饲料补充剂的潜力，否则这些牛奶将被倾倒。提高过渡奶牛的免疫力和健康，这使我们能够解决创建循环经济的问题。我们还将解决有关使用乳制品的饮食改变和饲喂管理的知识空白，以及过渡期间对 ARG 的存在和传播的相应影响。奶牛时期。