Ecologically engineering a sustainable sugar beet landscape matrix informed by molecular tools, satellite imagery and bioeconomics.

利用分子工具、卫星图像和生物经济学，对可持续的甜菜景观矩阵进行生态设计。

• 批准号: BB/X005313/1
• 负责人: James Bell
• 金额: $ 15.04万
• 依托单位: Rothamsted Research
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FX005313%2F1
• 关键词: Ecologically; engineering; sustainable; sugar; beet

Sugar beet, a crop which meets half of domestic sugar demand, is grown on a thousand square kilometres of arable land in the UK, mostly in East Anglia. However, the crop is threatened by a complex of three viruses, known collectively as virus yellows, that dramatically reduces yield by compromising the plant's ability to photosynthesize. The viruses are transmitted by aphids and, for 30 years up until 2018, sugar beet seed was coated with a neonicotinoid seed treatment that effectively and systemically controlled aphid feeding and thus the transmission of virus yellows. However, neonicotinoid treatments were widely cited has having detrimental non-target impacts, most notably changing the behaviour of pollinators, particularly bees. As a result, the EU banned the use of neonicotinoid seed treatments on 27th April 2018. Following the ban, a confluence of warm weather, early sugar beet emergence and abundant aphids saw the 2020 crop severely affected by virus yellows and growers experienced average yield losses of 38%, which were valued at £43 million and rose to 100% losses in parts of Cambridgeshire. In response, the BBRO, the levy board charged with ensuring that growers of sugar beet thrive, applied to Defra for a derogation to use neonicotinoid seed treatments in sugar beet in both 2021 and 2022 if our 'Rothamsted Model' predicted that more than 9% (2021) and 19% (2022) of the sugar beet crop yield would be lost to virus yellows at harvest. In 2021 these conditions were not met, but in 2022, a derogation was granted by Defra to use the neonicotinoid Cruiser SB seed treatment. However, neonicotinoid seed treatments are not a sustainable practice for the future, especially considering new agricultural policy under the ambitious environmental land management schemes, particularly the Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI). Projecting forward, the permission to use of neonicotinoids could be based on regional risks, limiting the environmental impact. Alternatively, growers and the industry could decide collectively to move away from neonicotinoids altogether or be mandated to do this by policy makers. To produce a sustainable and economically viable sugar crop under either of these scenarios, we would need to know how the virus transmission pathway behaves and scales to then make predictions about its impact at harvest. Using molecular tools and a hyperspectral drone to detect leaf yellowing, we will track the development of disease-infected sugar beet over time and, examine the presence of virus yellows in the crop, identifying key non-crop virus reservoirs in field margins and tracking local spread into the adjacent crop. This is essential to progress to the next generation of virus yellows models, a future ambition that will provide a robust decision support tool for aphid management. To further progress this modelling ambition, we need to understand virus risks at the landscape scale and plan to use satellite imagery to quantify the extent of field margin habitats, a potential source of virus yellows, and other crops that support aphids during winter. It has not yet been shown statistically that oilseed rape planted nearby to sugar beet increases the threat of the virus vector, but many growers adopt to this view. Using extensive 2020 sugar beet vector and virus incidence data held by Rothamsted, we will use satellite images from 2020 to derive proximity measures to estimate the threat posed by the network of nearby oilseed rape crops. A bioeconomic model that incorporates farm economics and the biology of the sugar beet system, will be used to explore how the risk of virus outbreak affects profitability within the context of different payment options and under different landscape scenarios. There is imperative to understand this urgently to meet both food security and sustainability goals. This proposal will deliver the science needed to progress to a farming future for sugar beet that will suit all.

甜菜是一种满足国内一半食糖需求的作物，在英国一千平方公里的耕地上种植，主要在东安格利亚。然而，这种作物受到三种病毒复合体的威胁，这些病毒统称为病毒黄化。 ，通过损害植物的光合作用能力而大大降低产量。病毒通过蚜虫传播，直到 2018 年为止的 30 年里，甜菜种子都涂有新烟碱类种子处理剂。然而，新烟碱类杀虫剂治疗被广泛认为具有非目标影响，最显着的是改变传粉者的行为，特别是蜜蜂。因此，欧盟禁止使用新烟碱类杀虫剂。 2018 年 4 月 27 日使用新烟碱类种子处理。禁令实施后，温暖的天气、甜菜提早出苗和大量蚜虫的共同作用导致 2020 年作物受到病毒黄化和严重影响。种植者的平均产量损失达 38%，价值 4300 万英镑，在剑桥郡的部分地区损失高达 100%。如果我们的“洛桑模型”预测超过 9%（2021 年），则在 2021 年和 2022 年在甜菜中使用新烟碱类种子处理剂是一种减损19%（2022 年）的甜菜作物产量将在收获时因病毒黄化而损失。2021 年，这些条件并未得到满足，但在 2022 年，Defra 批准使用新烟碱类 Cruiser SB 种子处理剂。新烟碱类种子处理不是未来可持续的做法，特别是考虑到雄心勃勃的环境土地管理计划下的新农业政策，特别是可持续农业激励计划（SFI）。未来，新烟碱类杀虫剂的使用许可可以基于区域风险，限制对环境的影响，或者，种植者和行业可以集体决定集体放弃新烟碱类杀虫剂，或者由政策制定者强制这样做，以产生可持续的和可持续的产品。在这两种情况下，对于经济上可行的糖类作物，我们需要了解病毒传播途径的行为和规模，然后使用分子工具和高光谱无人机来检测叶子黄化，预测其影响。的随着时间的推移，对受病害感染的甜菜进行检测，并检查作物中是否存在病毒黄化病，确定田间边缘的关键非作物病毒库并跟踪向邻近作物的局部传播，这对于发展下一代病毒黄化病至关重要。模型，这一未来的目标将为蚜虫管理提供强大的决策支持工具。为了进一步推进这一建模目标，我们需要了解景观尺度的病毒风险，并计划使用卫星图像来量化田间边缘栖息地的范围。潜在的病毒来源尚未明确表明在甜菜附近种植的油菜会增加病毒载体的威胁，但许多种植者接受了这种观点，即广泛使用 2020 年甜菜载体和病毒。根据 Rothamsted 持有的发病率数据，我们将使用 2020 年的卫星图像得出邻近度测量值，以估计附近油菜油菜网络构成的威胁，该模型结合了农业经济学和油菜生物学。甜菜系统将用于探索病毒爆发的风险如何在不同的支付方式和不同的景观情景下影响盈利能力。为了实现粮食安全和可持续发展目标，迫切需要了解这一点。科学需要进步，以实现适合所有人的甜菜农业未来。

项目成果

Quantifying inherent predictability and spatial synchrony in the aphid vector Myzus persicae: field-scale patterns of abundance and regional forecasting error in the UK.

量化蚜虫媒介桃蚜的固有可预测性和空间同步性：英国的田间规模丰度模式和区域预测误差。

• DOI: 10.1002/ps.7292
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Pest management science
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Bell JR