PUSHING THROUGH HARD TIMES: uncovering how roots sense soil compaction

度过艰难时期：揭示根部如何感知土壤压实

• 批准号: BB/V00557X/1
• 负责人: Bipin Pandey
• 金额: $ 38.83万
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV00557X%2F1
• 关键词: PUSHING; THROUGH; HARD; TIMES; uncovering

Food security represents a major global issue. Topsoil, the most precious "natural capital assets", provides nearly 95% of food. The sense of urgency over topsoil is growing as the population is projected to reach 9 billion by 2050. Compaction hampers soil's ability to filter water, absorb carbon and retain water and nutrient to support the crop plants. The ability of a crop to efficiently absorb water and nutrients relies on its root system to fully explore soil available. Use of heavy farming equipment, intensity of farm traffic and overgrazing lead to soil compaction. For example, the average weight of vehicles used on farms has approximately tripled since 1966 and maximum wheel loads have risen by a factor of six. Soil compaction can reduce crop yields by as much as 60%. Therefore, developing compaction resistant crops is of paramount importance. Despite its increasing global agronomic importance, little is known about how crop roots may respond to soil compaction. My BBSRC Discovery Fellowship investigates how crop roots respond to soil compaction and then use this knowledge to develop crops with improved penetration ability. My project initially attempts to 'fill in the gaps' between roots sensing soil compaction and then altering their growth and shape of their root tips. To help my studies, I have already identified plant signals and genes such as ethylene and EIN2 that are important for this process. Several promising approaches will also be conducted including modifying roots to be less sensitive to ethylene. The knowledge gained from my fellowship will provide new information about the key genes and processes controlling root responses to soil compaction, helping breeders design novel approaches to manipulate root growth to enhance resource capture and yield in crops. Developing future crops resistant to soil compaction can help their roots forage deeper for water to help mitigate drought stress (hard soil which is tough to penetrate), reduce flooding (compacted soil poses increased risk of flooding by restricting the water absorption from the surface), nitrogen stress (as this nutrient leach deeper in soil) and also capture more carbon in the soil.My fellowship project will be undertaken in Plant Sciences at the University of Nottingham. The University hosts a world leading multidisciplinary team of researchers composed of experts from Maths, Plant, Crop, Soil and Computer Sciences, all dedicated to 'uncover' the hidden half of plants. To achieve this, these researchers have created the Hounsfield Facility which hosts state-of-the-art microCT scanners and other advanced imaging platforms. I will also benefit from the unparalleled support of my host Prof. Malcolm Bennett and colleagues Soil Scientist Prof. Sacha Mooney and Crop Scientists Dr. Sean Mayes, Dr. Rahul Bhosale and Dr. Darren Wells. My project also involves international and UK collaborators which include experts in Sweden (Prof. Karin Ljung for hormone analysis), China (Prof. Dabing Zhang providing rice resources and expertise) and Rothamsted Research (Dr. Steve Thomas and Dr. Richard Whalley, wheat genetics and soil compaction expertise).

粮食安全是一个主要的全球问题。表土是最宝贵的“天然资本资产”，可提供近95％的食物。由于人口预计到2050年，因此对表土的紧迫感正在增长。压实使土壤过滤水，吸收碳并保留水和养分以支持作物植物的能力。农作物有效吸收水和养分的能力取决于其根系来充分探索可用的土壤。使用重型耕作设备，农场交通强度和过度放牧导致土壤压实。例如，自1966年以来，农场使用的车辆的平均重量大约增加了两倍，最大车轮负荷增加了6倍。土壤压实可以将农作物的产量降低多达60％。因此，开发抗压实作物至关重要。尽管全球农艺重要性越来越大，但对农作物的根源如何应对土壤压实的反应知之甚少。我的BBSRC发现奖学金研究了农作物根对土壤压实的反应，然后利用这些知识来发展具有提高渗透能力的农作物。我的项目最初试图“填补根部感应土壤压实的差距”，然后改变其根尖的生长和形状。为了帮助我的研究，我已经确定了对此过程很重要的植物信号和基因，例如乙烯和EIN2。还将进行几种有希望的方法，包括修改根对乙烯敏感。从我的奖学金中获得的知识将提供有关控制根部对土壤压实的根源反应的关键基因和过程的新信息，从而帮助育种者设计了操纵根生长的新方法，以增强农作物的资源捕获和产量。开发抗土壤压实的未来农作物可以帮助其根饲料对水的深层觅食，以帮助减轻干旱压力（难以穿透的坚硬土壤）减少洪水（紧凑型土壤造成的洪水增加而增加了洪水的风险，限制了从表面上吸收的吸水力），氮气压力，这种养分在土壤中占有更深的污染。诺丁汉。该大学举办了一个由数学，植物，农作物，土壤和计算机科学专家组成的研究人员组成的世界领先的多学科研究团队，所有这些都致力于“揭开”隐藏的植物的一半。为了实现这一目标，这些研究人员创建了Hounsfield设施，该设施拥有最先进的微型扫描仪和其他高级成像平台。我还将受益于我的主人马尔科姆·贝内特教授和同事土壤科学家萨莎·穆尼（Sacha Mooney）和作物科学家肖恩·梅斯（Sean Mayes）博士，拉胡尔·博萨尔（Rahul Bhosale）博士和达伦·威尔斯（Darren Wells）博士的无与伦比的支持。我的项目还涉及国际和英国的合作者，包括瑞典的专家（Karin Ljung教授进行激素分析），中国（Dabing Zhang教授提供水稻资源和专业知识）和Rothamsted Research（Steve Thomas博士和Richard Whalley博士，小麦遗传学和土壤补充专业知识）。

项目成果

How roots help us fight against hard soils

根系如何帮助我们对抗坚硬的土壤

• DOI: 10.25250/thescbr.brk593
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: TheScienceBreaker
• 作者: Pandey B

Root angle is controlled by EGT1 in cereal crops employing an antigravitropic mechanism.

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201350119
• 发表时间: 2022-08-02
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
• 影响因子: 11.1

OsJAZ11 regulates phosphate starvation responses in rice.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03657-6
• 发表时间: 2021-06-18
• 期刊: Planta
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Pandey BK;Verma L;Prusty A;Singh AP;Bennett MJ;Tyagi AK;Giri J;Mehra P
• 通讯作者: Mehra P

Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth is associated with early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet

• DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526762
• 发表时间: 2023-12
• 期刊: eLife
• 影响因子: 7.7
• 作者: Carla de la Fuente;A. Grondin;B. Sine;M. Debieu;C. Belin;A. Hajjarpoor;J. Atkinson;S. Passot;Marine Salson;Julie Orjuela;Christine Tranchant-Dubreuil;Jean‐Rémy Brossier;Maxime Steffen;Charlotte Morgado;Hang Ngan Dinh;Bipin K. Pandey;Julie Darmau;A. Champion;A. Petitot;Célia Barrachina;M. Pratlong;Thibault Mounier;Princia Nakombo-Gbassault;P. Gantet;P. Gangashetty;Y. Guédon;V. Vadez;J. Reichheld;M. Bennett;N. Kane;Soazig Guyomarc’h;D. Wells;Y. Vigouroux;L. Laplaze