PUSHING THROUGH HARD TIMES: uncovering how roots sense soil compaction

度过艰难时期：揭示根部如何感知土壤压实

• 批准号: BB/V00557X/1
• 负责人: Bipin Pandey
• 金额: $ 38.83万
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV00557X%2F1
• 关键词: PUSHING; THROUGH; HARD; TIMES; uncovering

Food security represents a major global issue. Topsoil, the most precious "natural capital assets", provides nearly 95% of food. The sense of urgency over topsoil is growing as the population is projected to reach 9 billion by 2050. Compaction hampers soil's ability to filter water, absorb carbon and retain water and nutrient to support the crop plants. The ability of a crop to efficiently absorb water and nutrients relies on its root system to fully explore soil available. Use of heavy farming equipment, intensity of farm traffic and overgrazing lead to soil compaction. For example, the average weight of vehicles used on farms has approximately tripled since 1966 and maximum wheel loads have risen by a factor of six. Soil compaction can reduce crop yields by as much as 60%. Therefore, developing compaction resistant crops is of paramount importance. Despite its increasing global agronomic importance, little is known about how crop roots may respond to soil compaction. My BBSRC Discovery Fellowship investigates how crop roots respond to soil compaction and then use this knowledge to develop crops with improved penetration ability. My project initially attempts to 'fill in the gaps' between roots sensing soil compaction and then altering their growth and shape of their root tips. To help my studies, I have already identified plant signals and genes such as ethylene and EIN2 that are important for this process. Several promising approaches will also be conducted including modifying roots to be less sensitive to ethylene. The knowledge gained from my fellowship will provide new information about the key genes and processes controlling root responses to soil compaction, helping breeders design novel approaches to manipulate root growth to enhance resource capture and yield in crops. Developing future crops resistant to soil compaction can help their roots forage deeper for water to help mitigate drought stress (hard soil which is tough to penetrate), reduce flooding (compacted soil poses increased risk of flooding by restricting the water absorption from the surface), nitrogen stress (as this nutrient leach deeper in soil) and also capture more carbon in the soil.My fellowship project will be undertaken in Plant Sciences at the University of Nottingham. The University hosts a world leading multidisciplinary team of researchers composed of experts from Maths, Plant, Crop, Soil and Computer Sciences, all dedicated to 'uncover' the hidden half of plants. To achieve this, these researchers have created the Hounsfield Facility which hosts state-of-the-art microCT scanners and other advanced imaging platforms. I will also benefit from the unparalleled support of my host Prof. Malcolm Bennett and colleagues Soil Scientist Prof. Sacha Mooney and Crop Scientists Dr. Sean Mayes, Dr. Rahul Bhosale and Dr. Darren Wells. My project also involves international and UK collaborators which include experts in Sweden (Prof. Karin Ljung for hormone analysis), China (Prof. Dabing Zhang providing rice resources and expertise) and Rothamsted Research (Dr. Steve Thomas and Dr. Richard Whalley, wheat genetics and soil compaction expertise).

粮食安全是一个重大的全球问题。表土是最宝贵的“自然资本资产”，提供了近95%的食物。随着人口预计到 2050 年将达到 90 亿，表土问题的紧迫感与日俱增。压实阻碍了土壤过滤水、吸收碳以及保留水和养分以支持农作物生长的能力。作物有效吸收水分和养分的能力依赖于其根系充分探索可用土壤。重型农业设备的使用、农场交通的强度和过度放牧导致土壤板结。例如，自 1966 年以来，农场使用的车辆的平均重量大约增加了两倍，最大车轮负载增加了六倍。土壤板结会使农作物产量减少多达 60%。因此，开发抗压实作物至关重要。尽管其在全球农艺学中的重要性日益增加，但人们对作物根系如何响应土壤压实知之甚少。我的 BBSRC 发现奖学金研究作物根部如何响应土壤压实，然后利用这些知识来开发具有更高渗透能力的作物。我的项目最初尝试“填补根部之间的间隙”，感知土壤压实，然后改变它们的生长和根尖的形状。为了帮助我的研究，我已经确定了对该过程很重要的植物信号和基因，例如乙烯和 EIN2。还将实施几种有希望的方法，包括修改根部以降低对乙烯的敏感性。从我的研究中获得的知识将提供有关控制根系对土壤压实反应的关键基因和过程的新信息，帮助育种者设计新的方法来操纵根系生长，以提高作物的资源捕获和产量。开发抗土壤压实的未来作物可以帮助它们的根部更深地寻找水分，从而有助于减轻干旱压力（难以渗透的坚硬土壤），减少洪水（压实的土壤限制了地表吸水，增加了洪水的风险），氮胁迫（因为这种养分在土壤中浸出更深），并且还捕获土壤中更多的碳。我的奖学金项目将在诺丁汉大学的植物科学领域进行。该大学拥有一支世界领先的多学科研究团队，由来自数学、植物、作物、土壤和计算机科学领域的专家组成，他们都致力于“揭开”植物隐藏的一半。为了实现这一目标，这些研究人员创建了 Hounsfield 设施，配备最先进的 microCT 扫描仪和其他先进的成像平台。我还将受益于我的东道主 Malcolm Bennett 教授、同事土壤科学家 Sacha Mooney 教授以及作物科学家 Sean Mayes 博士、Rahul Bhosale 博士和 Darren Wells 博士的无与伦比的支持。我的项目还涉及国际和英国的合作者，其中包括瑞典（激素分析领域的 Karin Ljung 教授）、中国（张大兵教授提供水稻资源和专业知识）和洛桑研究中心（小麦领域的 Steve Thomas 博士和 Richard Whalley 博士）的专家。遗传学和土壤压实专业知识）。

项目成果

How roots help us fight against hard soils

根系如何帮助我们对抗坚硬的土壤

• DOI: 10.25250/thescbr.brk593
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: TheScienceBreaker
• 作者: Pandey B

Root angle is controlled by EGT1 in cereal crops employing an antigravitropic mechanism.

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201350119
• 发表时间: 2022-08-02
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
• 影响因子: 11.1

OsJAZ11 regulates phosphate starvation responses in rice.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03657-6
• 发表时间: 2021-06-18
• 期刊: Planta
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Pandey BK;Verma L;Prusty A;Singh AP;Bennett MJ;Tyagi AK;Giri J;Mehra P
• 通讯作者: Mehra P

Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth is associated with early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet

• DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526762
• 发表时间: 2023-12
• 期刊: eLife
• 影响因子: 7.7
• 作者: Carla de la Fuente;A. Grondin;B. Sine;M. Debieu;C. Belin;A. Hajjarpoor;J. Atkinson;S. Passot;Marine Salson;Julie Orjuela;Christine Tranchant-Dubreuil;Jean‐Rémy Brossier;Maxime Steffen;Charlotte Morgado;Hang Ngan Dinh;Bipin K. Pandey;Julie Darmau;A. Champion;A. Petitot;Célia Barrachina;M. Pratlong;Thibault Mounier;Princia Nakombo-Gbassault;P. Gantet;P. Gangashetty;Y. Guédon;V. Vadez;J. Reichheld;M. Bennett;N. Kane;Soazig Guyomarc’h;D. Wells;Y. Vigouroux;L. Laplaze