19-EEID US-UK Collab: Disentangling transport and trophic effects of animal movement on infectious disease

19-EEID 美英合作：解开动物运动对传染病的运输和营养影响

• 批准号: BB/V004484/1
• 负责人: Thomas Morrison
• 金额: $ 118.41万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV004484%2F1
• 关键词: 19; EEID; US; UK; Collab

Mobile organisms, such as many species of birds, insects and ungulates, have long fascinated scientists and the general public because of the vast distances over which these animals travel and the large impacts they have on the dynamics of ecosystems they encounter. The high local densities and long-distance movements of mobile organisms provide seemingly ideal conditions for the emergence and spread of disease-causing pathogens, yet the ways in which mobile hosts modify the infection dynamics of less-mobile (i.e. resident) hosts is poorly understood. In this proposal, we take advantage of the widespread occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes in one of the most intact and largest terrestrial animal migration systems in the world - the Serengeti wildebeest - to advance understanding of the impact of animal movement on parasite dynamics. We hypothesize that mobile hosts can affect parasite dynamics in resident hosts in at least two important ways. First, mobile hosts can shed parasites in locations visited by other hosts, thereby creating areas of high parasite density. Second, mobile hosts can profoundly change the environment in which parasites mature, for example by shortening the height of vegetation both through trampling and foraging, which can directly and indirectly modify the risk of parasite transmission to resident hosts. Because of their large effects on vegetation, mobile herbivores may promote or reduce parasite exposure risk by either i) concentrating parasites on the remaining vegetation, or ii) removing parasites through consumption. Alternatively, mobile hosts may alter the behaviour of other herbivores indirectly through their effects on vegetation, by iii) promoting regrowth of vegetation and thus attracting herbivores, or iv) consuming all of the food and thus displacing them. We aim to determine which of these direct and indirect, positive/negative effects are most important, and their mechanistic underpinnings. We will do so by examining the impacts of highly mobile wildebeest on the parasite abundance in the environment and in four wildlife species: topi, hartebeest, African Cape buffalo, and Grant's gazelle. In wildlife species, we will examine these different mechanisms using a combination of tracking data (GPS collars, camera traps, spatial distribution models) and molecular analyses of parasite infection dynamics in animals. This work will be combined with experiments that manipulate two of the main vegetative mechanisms that alter parasite availability in the environment: density of feces and grazing intensity on grasses. We will use this information to develop a general model of infection dynamics in mobile and resident hosts that will allow insight into the conditions in which infections are most likely to increase or decrease. The same dynamics that occur in resident wildlife hosts are also likely to play out in resident livestock, however in many systems around the world there is a lack of understanding of whether wildlife and livestock even share the same parasites. Thus, a broader impact of our project is to examine the extent to which mobile wildlife change the infection intensity in resident livestock, whether the two groups share the same populations of parasites and whether mobile wildlife benefit livestock by acting as a refugia for parasites that are sensitive to anti-parasite drug treatment (i.e. a natural buffer to anthelmintic resistance). Given that gastrointestinal parasites have an environmental stage to their life cycle, ecology plays a central role in their infection and transmission dynamics, opening the door for a range of exciting future research questions in disease ecology, animal health and wildlife-livestock interactions, as well as training opportunities with local animal health students and authorities.

移动生物，例如许多种类的鸟类，昆虫和无污染物，长期以来一直着迷科学家和公众，因为这些动物行进的距离很广，并且对它们遇到的生态系统的动态产生了巨大影响。移动生物的局部密度和长距离运动的高距离运动为引起疾病的病原体的出现和传播提供了看似理想的条件，但是移动宿主修改较少动物（即居民）宿主的感染动态的方式知之甚少。在这项提议中，我们利用了世界上最完整，最大的陆地动物迁移系统之一 - 塞伦盖蒂·怀尔特贝斯特（Serengeti Wildebeest）的胃肠道线虫的广泛发生，以促进对动物运动对寄生虫动力学的影响的理解。我们假设移动宿主可以至少以两种重要方式影响居民宿主的寄生虫动态。首先，移动主机可以在其他宿主访问的位置中散发寄生虫，从而创建高寄生虫密度的区域。其次，移动寄主可以通过践踏和觅食来缩短植被的高度，从而深刻地改变寄生虫成熟的环境，这些环境可以直接和间接地改变寄生虫传播给居民寄主的风险。由于它们对植被的影响很大，可移动的食草动物可以通过i）将寄生虫集中在剩余植被上，或ii）通过消费去除寄生虫。另外，移动宿主可能会通过对植被的影响间接改变其他草食动物的行为，iii）促进植被再生，从而吸引食草动物，或者iv）食用所有食物，从而取代它们。我们旨在确定哪些直接和间接，正/负面影响最重要，及其机械基础。我们将通过研究高度移动的野生羚羊对环境和四种野生动植物物种的寄生虫丰度的影响：Topi，Hartebeest，African Cape Buffalo和Grant's Gazelle。在野生动植物物种中，我们将使用跟踪数据（GPS项圈，摄像头，空间分布模型）和动物中寄生虫感染动态的分子分析来检查这些不同的机制。这项工作将与操纵两种主要营养机制的实验相结合，这些机制改变了环境中的寄生虫可用性：粪便的密度和草的放牧强度。我们将使用此信息来开发移动和居民宿主中感染动态的一般模型，这将使​​您深入了解最有可能增加或减少感染的状况。居民野生动植物宿主发生的同样动态也可能在居民牲畜中发挥作用，但是在世界上许多系统中，人们对野生动植物和牲畜是否甚至共享相同的寄生虫都缺乏了解。 Thus, a broader impact of our project is to examine the extent to which mobile wildlife change the infection intensity in resident livestock, whether the two groups share the same populations of parasites and whether mobile wildlife benefit livestock by acting as a refugia for parasites that are sensitive to anti-parasite drug treatment (i.e. a natural buffer to anthelmintic resistance).鉴于胃肠道寄生虫在其生命周期中具有环境阶段，因此生态学在其感染和传播动态中起着核心作用，为疾病生态学，动物健康和野生动植物养殖互动的一系列令人兴奋的未来研究问题打开了大门，以及与当地动物健康学生和当局培训机会。

项目成果

Defining null expectations for animal site fidelity.

定义动物场所保真度的零期望。

• DOI: 10.1111/ele.14148
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Ecology letters
• 影响因子: 8.8
• 作者: Picardi S

Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

陆生哺乳动物对 COVID-19 封锁的行为反应

• DOI: 10.1126/science.abo6499
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Science
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: Tucker, Marlee A.;Schipper, Aafke M.;Adams, Tempe S.;Attias, Nina;Avgar, Tal;Babic, Natarsha L.;Barker, Kristin J.;Bastille-Rousseau, Guillaume;Behr, Dominik M.;Belant, Jerrold L.
• 通讯作者: Belant, Jerrold L.

Interplay of competition and facilitation in grazing succession by migrant Serengeti herbivores

塞伦盖蒂迁徙食草动物放牧演替过程中竞争与促进的相互作用

• DOI: 10.1126/science.adg0744
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Science
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: Anderson T

Direct and indirect effects of fire on parasites in an African savanna

火灾对非洲稀树草原寄生虫的直接和间接影响

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14013
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Animal Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Donaldson J

Increasing Anthropogenic Disturbance Restricts Wildebeest Movement Across East African Grazing Systems

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.846171
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 作者: J. Stabach;L. Hughey;R. Crego;C. Fleming;J. Hopcraft;P. Leimgruber;T. Morrison;J. Ogutu;R. Reid;J. Worden;R. Boone