Exploitation of interspecific signals to deter oviposition by spotted-wing drosophila

利用种间信号阻止斑翅果蝇产卵

基本信息

批准号：
BB/S005994/1
负责人：
Michelle Fountain
金额：
$ 48.34万
依托单位：
National Institute of Agricultural Botany
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FS005994%2F1
关键词：
Exploitation interspecific signals deter oviposition

项目摘要

The worldwide invasive fruit pest, Drosophila suzukii, commonly known as spotted wing drosophila (SWD), has spread from Southeast Asia in recent years, causing damage to fruit crops in many countries. The fly was first detected in the UK in Southern England (2012) and its population has subsequently increased and spread north, causing loss of fruit estimated at £20-£30 million pa. All four berry crops are affected (raspberry, strawberry, blueberry and blackberry), in addition to stone fruit (especially cherries). The threat caused by SWD means that many growers are forced to apply increased numbers of applications of insecticides. This strategy is not sustainable for the long term: there are already restrictions aimed at minimizing insecticide residues in fresh produce and preventing the emergence of resistance. Spraying insecticides also compromises the management programmes that growers follow to control other pests, which often include using beneficial natural enemies to reduce pest populations to acceptable levels. In this three-year research project, we will exploit the strong natural interspecific interactions between SWD and its sister species within the Drosophila melanogaster species group to develop a novel approach to control of the pest. The project will identify new chemical oviposition deterrents that can be applied within the cropping area to deter fruit damage by SWD as a new component of IPM strategies.The existence of these interspecific oviposition deterrents and their effects on SWD have been demonstrated in our recent experiments. Egg-laying (oviposition behaviour) by SWD was very strongly inhibited following previous exposure of the substrate (fruit or artificial media) to egg-laying by D. melanogaster. Even low numbers of D. melanogaster (five mated females) had strong and persistent inhibitory effects on SWD, with 87% fewer SWD eggs deposited on the substrate that was previously exposed to D. melanogaster, compared with unexposed substrates. This suggests that SWD detect a chemical signal released by D. melanogaster and that this chemical communication between the species results in very strong inhibition of egg laying by the pest.In this research programme, we will investigate which stage of D. melanogaster (adults or eggs) releases the chemical signals that are responsible for reducing egg-laying by SWD. We will extract the active chemicals from D. melanogaster (and other Drosophila species if these prove to be more effective) and apply the signals (without D. melanogaster individuals present) to egg-laying substrates to demonstrate that the chemical alone is responsible for deterring SWD. We will investigate how SWD detect the active chemical and show whether this is via smell (of relatively volatile chemicals) or taste (non-volatile), by investigating responses of flies that have sense organs missing (removed surgically) or not working (due to genetic modification). This will identify the sense organs responsible for the detection of the chemical deterrent (e.g. the antennae or the mouthparts). We will also record electrical responses of these sense organs to components of extracts that have been separated out (e.g. using chromatography techniques). Combined with other analytical chemistry techniques, we will identify the chemical structure of the active chemical signal for synthesis in the laboratory. Behavioural and electrophysiological effects on SWD will be tested to confirm egg laying deterrent activity, initially, in small-scale lab studies and then in the field on raspberry and strawberry crops. In consultation with growers and representatives from industry, we will design new approaches to pest management that include deploying oviposition deterrents. This research programme will therefore lead to the discovery of new scientifically valuable information on insect signalling and the implementation of new approaches to crop protection.

铃木果蝇（Drosophila suzukii），俗称斑翅果蝇（SWD），近年来从东南亚蔓延，对许多国家的水果作物造成损害。这种果蝇首次在英国南部被发现（2012年）。），其数量随后增加并向北扩散，每年造成的水果损失估计为 20-3000 万英镑，此外，所有四种浆果作物（覆盆子、草莓、蓝莓和黑莓）都受到影响。 SWD 造成的威胁意味着许多种植者被迫增加杀虫剂的使用量，这种策略无法长期持续：已经存在旨在最大限度减少新鲜农产品中杀虫剂残留的限制。喷洒杀虫剂也会影响种植者控制其他害虫的管理计划，其中通常包括使用有益的天敌将害虫数量减少到可接受的水平。自然的该项目将确定新的化学产卵威慑剂，作为一种新的方法，可在种植区内应用，以防止 SWD 损害果实。 IPM 策略的组成部分。在我们最近的实验中，这些种间产卵威慑因素的存在及其对 SWD 的影响已得到强烈证明，在先前暴露于 SWD 后，SWD 产卵（产卵行为）受到很大抑制。底物（水果或人工培养基）对黑腹果蝇产卵的影响即使少量的黑腹果蝇（5 只交配的雌性）对 SWD 也具有强烈而持久的抑制作用，沉积在底物上的 SWD 卵减少了 87%。与未接触过的底物相比，之前接触过黑腹果蝇的小鼠的产卵结果表明，SWD 检测到了黑腹果蝇释放的化学信号，并且物种之间的这种化学通讯导致了对产卵的强烈抑制。在本研究计划中，我们将调查黑腹果蝇（成虫或卵）的哪个阶段释放导致 SWD 产卵量减少的化学信号。我们将从黑腹果蝇（和其他果蝇）中提取活性化学物质。如果这些被证明更有效），并将信号（没有黑腹果蝇个体存在）应用于产卵基质，以证明化学物质本身就可以阻止 SWD。我们将研究 SWD 如何检测活性化学物质。并通过调查感觉器官缺失（通过手术切除）或无法工作（由于基因改造）的苍蝇的反应来显示这是通过气味（相对挥发性化学物质）还是味道（非挥发性）来识别感觉。负责检测化学威慑的器官（例如触角或口器）我们还将记录这些感觉器官对已分离出的提取物成分的电响应（例如与其他分析技术相结合）。化学技术，我们将在实验室中鉴定用于合成的活性化学信号的化学结构。将测试对 SWD 的行为和电生理影响，以确认产卵威慑活性，首先在小规模实验室研究中，然后在现场进行。与种植者和行业代表协商后，我们将设计新的害虫管理方法，其中包括部署产卵威慑剂，因此，该研究计划将发现有关昆虫信号传导和实施的新的具有科学价值的信息。作物保护的新方法。