IWYP Call 2: Manipulating stomatal blue light response in wheat to improve productivity

IWYP 号召 2：操纵小麦气孔蓝光响应以提高生产力

• 批准号: BB/S005080/1
• 负责人: Tracy Lawson
• 金额: $ 107.15万
• 依托单位: University of Essex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FS005080%2F1
• 关键词: IWYP; Call; Manipulating; stomatal; blue

World demand for food is growing and it has been estimated that a 50% increase in yield will be needed to meet the increasing demand due to the growing world population. This situation is further exacerbated by the changing climate, with predictions of reduced water availability in some regions and flooding in others. The anticipated increase in global temperature will reduce plant productivity as well as increase plant demands for water. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere into carbohydrates and other chemical compounds, which are used for growth. Photosynthesis takes place in all green parts of plants and in order for leaf photosynthesis to take place CO2 must enter the leaf through adjustable pores, called stomata, and at the same time water is lost through these pores which also aids in cooling the leaf down. It is important to maintain an optimal leaf temperature for photosynthesis, as high temperatures greatly reduce photosynthesis and crop yield. However if too much water is lost the plant will wilt and eventually die. Stomata are continually adjusting to changing environmental conditions to balance CO2 uptake with water loss. Stomata open in response to increasing light, however this response depends on the wavelength of light, and generally two different responses have been identified. The first is named the "red" light or mesophyll response. This response occurs during high light levels and is linked directly to the rates of photosynthesis; the second is the "specific blue" light response, which occurs at low light levels, such as those found early in the morning or late in the evening. Reducing stomatal sensitivity to blue light has the potential to optimise the crop's resource use, thereby maintaining photosynthetic rates while using water more efficiently. Decreasing water use will enable sustained photosynthetic rates through the grain filling period when water becomes limiting, thus enhancing overall photosynthetic potential of the crop throughout the cycle and increasing grain yield. We will use a non-transgenic tilling approach to identify single mutations in a gene known to be essential in stomatal responses to blue light (BLUS1) in each of the wheat homoeologs (A, B and D) and use these to generate single, double and triple mutants in a variety of different backgrounds. Mutants generated will be phenotyped for gas-exchange, photosynthetic biochemistry and grain yield production in both controlled environment conditions and 2 different field environments.

世界对粮食的需求不断增长，据估计，产量需要增加 50% 才能满足由于世界人口不断增长而日益增长的需求。气候变化进一步加剧了这种情况，预计某些地区的可用水量将减少，而另一些地区将发生洪水。预计全球气温上升将降低植物生产力并增加植物对水的需求。光合作用是植物利用太阳能量将大气中的二氧化碳 (CO2) 转化为碳水化合物和其他化合物以供生长的过程。光合作用发生在植物的所有绿色部分，为了进行叶子光合作用，二氧化碳必须通过可调节的孔隙（称为气孔）进入叶子，同时水分通过这些孔隙流失，这也有助于冷却叶子。保持光合作用的最佳叶片温度非常重要，因为高温会大大降低光合作用和作物产量。然而，如果失去太多的水，植物就会枯萎并最终死亡。气孔不断适应不断变化的环境条件，以平衡二氧化碳的吸收和水分的流失。气孔响应增加的光而打开，但是这种响应取决于光的波长，并且通常已经确定了两种不同的响应。第一个被称为“红”光或叶肉响应。这种反应发生在高光照水平下，并且与光合作用速率直接相关。第二个是“特定的蓝色”光反应，它发生在低光照水平下，例如清晨或深夜。降低气孔对蓝光的敏感性有可能优化作物的资源利用，从而保持光合速率，同时更有效地利用水。当水变得有限时，减少用水量将使整个谷物灌浆期的光合作用速率保持不变，从而增强作物在整个周期中的整体光合潜力并增加谷物产量。我们将使用非转基因耕作方法来识别每个小麦同源物（A、B 和 D）中已知对蓝光气孔反应至关重要的基因的单突变（BLUS1），并使用这些突变来生成单突变、双突变。以及各种不同背景下的三重突变体。产生的突变体将在受控环境条件和 2 种不同的田间环境中进行气体交换、光合生物化学和谷物产量生产的表型。

项目成果

The impact of slow stomatal kinetics on photosynthesis and water use efficiency under fluctuating light.

• DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab114
• 发表时间: 2021-06-11
• 期刊: Plant physiology
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Eyland D;van Wesemael J;Lawson T;Carpentier S
• 通讯作者: Carpentier S

Annual Plant Reviews online

年度植物评论在线

• DOI: 10.1002/9781119312994.apr0538
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Urbanova T

The effect of increasing temperature on crop photosynthesis: from enzymes to ecosystems.

• DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab090
• 发表时间: 2021-04-02
• 期刊: Journal of experimental botany
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Moore CE;Meacham-Hensold K;Lemonnier P;Slattery RA;Benjamin C;Bernacchi CJ;Lawson T;Cavanagh AP
• 通讯作者: Cavanagh AP