IWYP Call 2: Manipulating stomatal blue light response in wheat to improve productivity

IWYP 号召 2：操纵小麦气孔蓝光响应以提高生产力

• 批准号: BB/S005080/1
• 负责人: Tracy Lawson
• 金额: $ 107.15万
• 依托单位: University of Essex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FS005080%2F1
• 关键词: IWYP; Call; Manipulating; stomatal; blue

World demand for food is growing and it has been estimated that a 50% increase in yield will be needed to meet the increasing demand due to the growing world population. This situation is further exacerbated by the changing climate, with predictions of reduced water availability in some regions and flooding in others. The anticipated increase in global temperature will reduce plant productivity as well as increase plant demands for water. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere into carbohydrates and other chemical compounds, which are used for growth. Photosynthesis takes place in all green parts of plants and in order for leaf photosynthesis to take place CO2 must enter the leaf through adjustable pores, called stomata, and at the same time water is lost through these pores which also aids in cooling the leaf down. It is important to maintain an optimal leaf temperature for photosynthesis, as high temperatures greatly reduce photosynthesis and crop yield. However if too much water is lost the plant will wilt and eventually die. Stomata are continually adjusting to changing environmental conditions to balance CO2 uptake with water loss. Stomata open in response to increasing light, however this response depends on the wavelength of light, and generally two different responses have been identified. The first is named the "red" light or mesophyll response. This response occurs during high light levels and is linked directly to the rates of photosynthesis; the second is the "specific blue" light response, which occurs at low light levels, such as those found early in the morning or late in the evening. Reducing stomatal sensitivity to blue light has the potential to optimise the crop's resource use, thereby maintaining photosynthetic rates while using water more efficiently. Decreasing water use will enable sustained photosynthetic rates through the grain filling period when water becomes limiting, thus enhancing overall photosynthetic potential of the crop throughout the cycle and increasing grain yield. We will use a non-transgenic tilling approach to identify single mutations in a gene known to be essential in stomatal responses to blue light (BLUS1) in each of the wheat homoeologs (A, B and D) and use these to generate single, double and triple mutants in a variety of different backgrounds. Mutants generated will be phenotyped for gas-exchange, photosynthetic biochemistry and grain yield production in both controlled environment conditions and 2 different field environments.

世界对粮食的需求正在增长，据估计，由于不断增长的世界人口，需要增加50％的收益率。气候变化进一步加剧了这种情况，预测某些地区的水供应减少以及其他地区的洪水泛滥。预期的全球温度升高将降低植物生产率，并增加植物对水的需求。光合作用是植物利用太阳能量从大气中将二氧化碳（CO2）转化为碳水化合物和其他化合物的过程，用于生长。光合作用发生在植物的所有绿色部分，为了进行叶子光合作用，二氧化碳必须通过可调节的毛孔进入叶子，称为气孔，同时通过这些毛孔流失了水，这也有助于使叶子冷却。重要的是要保持最佳的叶片温度以进行光合作用，因为高温大大降低了光合作用和作物产量。但是，如果丢失过多的水，植物将枯萎并最终死亡。气孔正在不断调整到不断变化的环境条件，以平衡二氧化碳吸收与水分流失。气孔响应于越来越多的光，但是这种响应取决于光的波长，并且通常已经确定了两种不同的响应。第一个被命名为“红色”光或叶肉响应。这种响应发生在高光水平上，并直接与光合作用速率联系在一起。第二个是“特定的蓝色”光响应，它发生在低光级别，例如在清晨或傍晚发现的光响应。降低对蓝光的气孔敏感性具有优化农作物资源使用的潜力，从而在更有效地使用水的同时保持光合速率。当水变得局限时，用水量减少将在谷物填充期间持续光合速率，从而增强整个周期中农作物的整体光合作用潜力并增加谷物产量。我们将使用非转基因耕作方法来鉴定一个基因中的单个突变，已知在每种小麦同种类（a，b和d）中对蓝光（blus1）的气孔反应至关重要，并使用这些突变在各种不同背景中生成单，双重和三重突变体。在受控环境条件和2个不同的野外环境中，将对产生的突变体进行气体交换，光合生物化学和谷物产量产生。

项目成果

The impact of slow stomatal kinetics on photosynthesis and water use efficiency under fluctuating light.

• DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab114
• 发表时间: 2021-06-11
• 期刊: Plant physiology
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Eyland D;van Wesemael J;Lawson T;Carpentier S
• 通讯作者: Carpentier S

Annual Plant Reviews online

年度植物评论在线

• DOI: 10.1002/9781119312994.apr0538
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Urbanova T

The effect of increasing temperature on crop photosynthesis: from enzymes to ecosystems.

• DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab090
• 发表时间: 2021-04-02
• 期刊: Journal of experimental botany
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Moore CE;Meacham-Hensold K;Lemonnier P;Slattery RA;Benjamin C;Bernacchi CJ;Lawson T;Cavanagh AP
• 通讯作者: Cavanagh AP