Bilateral BBSRC-Embrapa: Exploiting natural and induced variation to increase Fusarium head blight and brusone resistance in wheat

双边 BBSRC-Embrapa：利用自然和诱导变异来提高小麦的赤霉病和布鲁松抗性

• 批准号: BB/N019113/1
• 负责人: Paul Nicholson
• 金额: $ 90.76万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FN019113%2F1
• 关键词: Bilateral; BBSRC; Embrapa; Exploiting; natural

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and wheat blast (brusone) are two devastating diseases of wheat that cause major yield losses in Brazil. Both pathogens severely affect wheat heads with direct damage to the grain, both in terms of quality and yield. In the absence of resistant varieties, current disease control relies heavily on fungicides that are costly, non-sustainable for Brazil, and only partially effective.Brusone, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, was first identified in southern Brazil in 1985 but has since spread into Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. The disease can cause total yield loss of yield and in 2009 brusone cut Brazilian wheat production by up to 30%. Importantly, the susceptibility of Brazilian varieties to brusone precludes their cultivation in the Cerrado region, an unused potential of 5 million ha for expansion that would improve Brazilian self-sufficiency of this essential staple.Fusarium head blight, caused primarily by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, is a serious disease in both Brazil and the UK. In addition to the very significant yield and quality losses, a major concern with FHB is the contamination of grain with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Both the European Union and Brazil have imposed maximum permissible levels for DON in cereals and cereal products. In Brazil, severe FHB outbreaks have increased in frequency. In 2014 FHB was so severe that more than 60% of wheat yield was lost in the State of Rio Grande do Sul and in the western region in 2014 some farmers lost more than 80% to the combination of brusone + FHB.There is an urgent need to identify and characterise sources of resistance to both FHB and brusone and ensure that the introduction of genes to control one disease does not compromise resistance to the other. Moderate levels of resistance to brusone have been identified in Brazilian wheat but the genetic basis of this resistance is unclear. Resistance expressed in seedlings is not always expressed in adult plants making it essential that resistance is assessed in adult plants.Resistance to FHB is generally controlled by several genes of moderate/weak effect that are defined genetically as quantitative trait loci (QTL). Although Brazilian wheat varieties differ widely in their resistance to FHB with some being moderately resistant, no variety was found to possess the major Fhb1 resistance originating from Asian sources. Thus the genetic basis of the most FHB-resistant Brazilian cultivars is not known and suggests that they contain novel resistances that could be combined with those from elsewhere to breed very highly resistant wheat varieties.This project will use a range of cutting-edge approaches to identify the genetic basis of resistance to brusone and FHB disease. We will identify which parts of the genome contain genes that increase FHB and/or brusone resistance and determine whether increased resistance to one disease is associated with increased susceptibility to the other. We will also identify genes in wheat that reduce resistance to the two diseases. This will provide a complementary approach to increasing resistance to FHB and brusone in wheat. We will produce DNA markers to enable plant breeders to follow the presence of the beneficial genes in their breeding programmes and ensure that their varieties are highly resistant to both diseases. The results from this work will benefit plant breeders in Brazil and elsewhere across the world where these diseases are prevalent. This should lead to reduced risk of crop losses to growers and reduced risk to consumers from mycotoxins accumulating in grain. It will lead to a reduced reliance on fungicides to control these diseases which, in turn will benefit, growers and the environment.

赤霉病 (FHB) 和麦瘟 (brusone) 是两种毁灭性的小麦病害，导致巴西产量严重损失。这两种病原体都严重影响小麦穗，直接损害谷物的质量和产量。在缺乏抗性品种的情况下，目前的疾病控制严重依赖杀菌剂，这种杀菌剂价格昂贵，对巴西来说不可持续，而且只能部分有效。 Brusone 是由真菌 Magnaporthe oryzae 引起的，1985 年首次在巴西南部发现，但此后已蔓延开来进入阿根廷、玻利维亚和巴拉圭。该病害可导致总产量损失，2009 年布鲁松使巴西小麦产量减少了 30%。重要的是，巴西品种对布鲁松的敏感性妨碍了它们在塞拉多地区的种植，该地区有 500 万公顷的未利用潜力可用于扩张，这将提高巴西这种重要主粮的自给自足能力。赤霉病，主要由真菌禾谷镰刀菌引起，在巴西和英国都是一种严重的疾病。除了非常显着的产量和质量损失之外，FHB 的一个主要问题是谷物受到脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 等单端孢菌素真菌毒素的污染。欧盟和巴西均规定了谷物和谷物产品中呕吐毒素的最高允许含量。在巴西，严重的 FHB 疫情爆发频率有所增加。 2014 年 FHB 非常严重，南里奥格兰德州小麦产量损失了 60% 以上，西部地区 2014 年一些农民因 brusone + FHB 组合损失了 80% 以上。需要识别和表征对 FHB 和 bruson 的抗性来源，并确保引入基因来控制一种疾病不会损害对另一种疾病的抗性。已在巴西小麦中发现了中等水平的布鲁松抗性，但这种抗性的遗传基础尚不清楚。幼苗中表达的抗性并不总是在成年植物中表达，因此对成年植物中的抗性进行评估至关重要。对 FHB 的抗性通常由几个具有中度/弱效应的基因控制，这些基因在遗传学上被定义为数量性状基因座 (QTL)。尽管巴西小麦品种对 FHB 的抗性差异很大，其中一些具有中度抗性，但没有发现任何品种具有源自亚洲来源的主要 ​​Fhb1 抗性。因此，对 FHB 抗性最强的巴西品种的遗传基础尚不清楚，这表明它们含有新的抗性，可以与其他地方的抗性相结合，培育出抗性非常高的小麦品种。该项目将使用一系列尖端方法来培育具有抗性的小麦品种。确定抗布鲁松和 FHB 疾病的遗传基础。我们将确定基因组的哪些部分包含增加 FHB 和/或布鲁松抗性的基因，并确定对一种疾病的抵抗力的增加是否与对另一种疾病的易感性的增加有关。我们还将鉴定小麦中降低对这两种疾病的抵抗力的基因。这将为增强小麦对 FHB 和 bruson 的抗性提供补充方法。我们将生产 DNA 标记，使植物育种者能够在其育种计划中追踪有益基因的存在，并确保其品种对这两种疾病具有高度抵抗力。这项工作的结果将使巴西和世界其他地区这些疾病流行的植物育种者受益。这将降低种植者作物损失的风险，并降低消费者因谷物中霉菌毒素积累而面临的风险。这将减少对杀菌剂控制这些疾病的依赖，从而使种植者和环境受益。

项目成果

Dissecting the genetic basis of wheat blast resistance in the Brazilian wheat cultivar BR 18-Terena.

剖析巴西小麦品种 BR 18-Terena 抗稻瘟病的遗传基础。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1186/s12870-020-02592-0
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: BMC plant biology
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Goddard R

Population genomic analysis of Aegilops tauschii identifies targets for bread wheat improvement.

节节山羊草群体基因组分析确定了面包小麦改良的目标。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1038/s41587-021-01058-4
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Nature biotechnology
• 影响因子: 46.9
• 作者: Gaurav K

Correction to: Silicon soil amendment as a complement to manage tan spot and fusarium head blight in wheat

更正：硅土壤改良剂作为控制小麦褐斑病和赤霉病的补充

• DOI: http://dx.10.1007/s13593-021-00695-y
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Agronomy for Sustainable Development
• 影响因子: 7.3
• 作者: Pazdiora P

Phylogenomic Analysis of a 55.1-kb 19-Gene Dataset Resolves a Monophyletic Fusarium that Includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex.

对 55.1 kb 19 基因数据集的系统发育分析解析了包括茄病镰刀菌物种复合体在内的单系镰刀菌。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1094/phyto-08-20-0330-le
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Phytopathology
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Geiser DM

Silicon soil amendment as a complement to manage tan spot and fusarium head blight in wheat

硅土壤改良剂作为控制小麦褐斑病和赤霉病的补充

• DOI: http://dx.10.1007/s13593-021-00677-0
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Agronomy for Sustainable Development
• 影响因子: 7.3
• 作者: Pazdiora P