DIETARY FAT, CARBOHYDRATE BALANCE AND WEIGHT MAINTENANCE

膳食脂肪、碳水化合物平衡和体重维持

• 批准号: 3231593
• 负责人: JEAN-PIERRE FLATT
• 金额: $ 12.56万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-07-01 至 1989-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3231593
• 关键词: bioenergetics; blood chemistry; blood glucose; body composition; calorimetry; carbohydrate metabolism; computer simulation; dietary carbohydrates; dietary lipid; fat body; fatty acid metabolism; free fatty acids; glycogen; glycogenesis; insulin; mass spectrometry; nutrient intake activity; nutrition related tag; obesity; oxygen consumption; radioimmunoassay; respiratory gas analyzer; triglycerides; weight control

When the diet provides more than enough protein, weight maintenance is primarily determined by the phenomena involved in the interplay between intake and oxidation of carbohydrates and fats. The conditions under which carbohydrate and fat balances must be achieved differ markedly, because the body's storage capacities for glycogen and for fat are two orders of magnitude apart. The aim of this project is to examine the implications which this difference is bound to have, not only on the regulation of metabolism and its feed-back on food intake, but also in influencing body composition. By combining measurements of nutrient intake and of the 24-h respiratory exchange of mice maintained in large, hermetically sealed drums (vented once a day), the animals' carbohydrate and fat balances will be determined daily over prolonged periods. The data will permit to examine to which extent variations in food intake may reflect "corrective responses" tending to compensate for gains of losses incurred by the animals in their glycogen, fat and/or energy reserves during the preceeding day(s), and to recognize which of these appear to be the most significant for long-term weight maintenance when food is freely available. When diets containing relatively high proportions of fat are consumed, an expansion of the adipose tissue mass appears to be often necessary before the contribution of fat to the metabolic fuel mix oxidized becomes commensurate with the diets' fat content. This may be related to the fact that the unequal impact which dietary carbohydrate and fat have on metabolism also affects the regulation of body weight. This phenomenon will be examined by measuring the body and liver contents of protein fat and glycogen in mice maintained ad libitum on diets formulated to contain gradual increments in the fat-to-carbohydrate ratio. The main goal of the proposed investigations is to characterize the impact of the diet's fat content on steady-state body composition, and to delineate the relative importance of the carbohydrate, fat, and energy balances in the control of food intake. In time, this may allow to develop metabolic arguments (in addition to the current recommendations based on consideration of caloric density), to explain why a reduction in the diet's fat content may facilitate weight maintenance at a lower level of adiposity.

当饮食提供足够的蛋白质时，维持体重就很重要 主要由涉及之间相互作用的现象决定 碳水化合物和脂肪的摄入和氧化。 在什么条件下 必须实现的碳水化合物和脂肪平衡明显不同，因为 身体对糖原和脂肪的储存能力是两个数量级 大小分开。 该项目的目的是研究其影响 这种差异必然存在，不仅体现在监管方面 新陈代谢及其对食物摄入的反馈，而且还影响身体 作品。 通过结合营养摄入量和 24 小时呼吸测量 小鼠的交换保存在大型密封桶中（通风 每天一次），将测定动物的碳水化合物和脂肪平衡 长期每天使用。 这些数据将允许检查哪些 食物摄入量的变化程度可能反映了“纠正反应”倾向 补偿动物在其活动中所遭受的损失的收益 前一天的糖原、脂肪和/或能量储备，以及 认识到其中哪一个对长期而言最重要 当食物免费时维持体重。 当饮食中含有 消耗的脂肪比例相对较高， 脂肪组织质量似乎在贡献之前通常是必要的 氧化的脂肪与代谢燃料混合物的比例与 饮食中的脂肪含量。 这可能与不平等有关 膳食碳水化合物和脂肪对新陈代谢的影响也会影响 体重的调节。 这种现象将由 测量小鼠体内和肝脏的蛋白质脂肪和糖原含量 维持随意饮食，以包含逐渐增加的 脂肪与碳水化合物的比例。 拟议调查的主要目标是描述影响 饮食中的脂肪含量对稳态身体成分的影响，以及 描述碳水化合物、脂肪和能量的相对重要性 控制食物摄入量的平衡。 随着时间的推移，这可能会发展 代谢论点（除了基于当前建议的 考虑热量密度），解释为什么要减少饮食 脂肪含量可能有助于将体重维持在较低的肥胖水平。