Nitrogen availability influences Septoria defence in wheat by modulating WRKY transcription factor gene expression.

氮可用性通过调节 WRKY 转录因子基因表达来影响小麦壳针孢防御。

基本信息

批准号：
BB/M022048/1
负责人：
Ari Sadanandom
金额：
$ 18.61万
依托单位：
Durham University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM022048%2F1
关键词：
Nitrogen availability influences Septoria defence

项目摘要

The foundation of global food security is built on the three cereals wheat, rice and maize, where wheat is the leading source of vegetable protein in human food. In the UK this cereal is the most important crop grown with an annual value of about £1.2 billion. The average yield of wheat in the field in the UK is currently 8.4 tonnes/ha, but this yield is dependent on high levels of mineral fertilizer (especially Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) and pesticide usage. Nitrogen (N) fertiliser use is of concern because it is associated both with high levels of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (e.g. CO2, N2O) that cause climate change, in addition to eutrophication of fresh water and marine ecosystems. However, nitrogen fertilisation is required for achieving high yield in wheat, and increasing sustainability through decrease in nitrogen input is not commercially feasible due to the resulting fall in yield. Given that high-nitrogen nutrient regimes are reality in the field, decreasing pesticide usage is a target for enhancing sustainability of wheat production.An undesirable side-effect of nitrogen fertilisation is that it increases susceptibility to pathogens. There is increasing evidence that high soil nitrogen enhances the development of fungal pathogens such as Septoria that causes wheat leaf blotch disease (Simón et al 2003; Loyce et al 2008). The mechanisms leading to these nutrient induced changes in disease development are not known. Septoria leaf blotch (STB) is currently the most important disease of wheat in Europe and is among the top three most economically damaging diseases of this crop in the United States. Despite the importance of STB, there is very little information available on the defence mechanisms or immune responses that allow wheat to counter Septoria infection. Fungicides provide the only control measure for this devastating disease, but extensive applications of fungicides increase the worldwide economic costs attributed to STB. In addition, STB outbreaks are becoming more prevalent as currently available fungicides are becoming less effective against new resistant strains of Septoria. Therefore there is an urgent need to develop new strategies to combat STB in the field. The industrial partners (KWS) in the proposal recognise that exploiting endogenous defence mechanisms that do not rely on fungicides may provide an alternative method to control this disease, and that an understanding of why Nitrogen nutrient level and disease resistance are inversely correlated is likely to lead to strategies which will enable exploitation of endogenous defence. Our preliminary data have suggested that a family of transcription factors (Tfs), the WRKY genes that have been shown to be central to plant defence in model systems, form a link between nitrogen input and Septoria disease resistance in the field. We propose to investigate the roles of these WRKY gene family TFs to reveal the identity of the specific WRKYs which are critical for Septoria resistance in the field under varying nitrogen levels and mechanisms which can be exploited to boost Septoria resistance under the high input growth conditions necessary for maintaining yield. The overall objective of this project is to gain an understanding of how the nutrient regime under which cereals are grown affects their susceptibility to STB disease, with the ultimate aim of manipulating this relationship to allow enhanced disease resistance to be retained under high or optimum nitrogen input growth conditions.

全球粮食安全的基础是小麦、大米和玉米这三种谷物，其中小麦是人类食品中植物蛋白的主要来源，在英国，这种谷物是最重要的作物，年产值约为 1.2 英镑。目前英国小麦田的平均产量为 8.4 吨/公顷，但这一产量依赖于大量的矿物肥料（尤其是氮、磷和钾）和农药的使用。氮肥的使用受到关注，因为除了淡水和海洋生态系统的富营养化之外，它还与高水平的能源使用和温室气体排放（例如二氧化碳、一氧化二氮）有关，从而导致气候变化。提高小麦产量，并通过减少氮投入来提高可持续性在商业上不可行，因为这会导致产量下降。鉴于高氮营养状况在田间的现实情况，减少农药的使用是提高小麦可持续性的目标。施氮肥的一个不良副作用是增加对病原体的易感性。越来越多的证据表明，高土壤氮会促进真菌病原体的生长，例如引起小麦叶斑病的壳针孢属（Simón et al 2003；Loyce et al）。 2008）导致这些营养诱导的疾病发展变化的机制尚不清楚。尽管STB很重要，但关于小麦对抗壳针孢感染的防御机制或免疫反应的信息却很少。但杀菌剂的广泛应用增加了 STB 造成的全球经济成本。此外，由于现有杀菌剂对壳针孢新耐药菌株的效果越来越差，因此 STB 的爆发变得越来越普遍。需要该提案中的工业合作伙伴（KWS）认识到，利用不依赖杀菌剂的内源性防御机制可能会提供控制这种疾病的替代方法，并了解为什么需要氮营养。我们的初步数据表明，转录因子 (Tfs) 家族（WRKY 基因）已被证明是细胞防御的核心。我们建议研究这些 WRKY 基因家族 TF 的作用，以揭示对田间壳针孢抗性至关重要的特定 WRKY 的身份。不同的氮水平和机制可用于在维持产量所需的高投入生长条件下增强壳针孢抗性。该项目的总体目标是了解谷物生长的营养状况如何影响其敏感性。 STB 疾病，最终目的是操纵这种关系，以在高或最佳氮输入生长条件下保持增强的抗病性。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（5）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Septoria Leaf Blotch and Reduced Nitrogen Availability Alter WRKY Transcription Factor Expression in a Codependent Manner

壳针孢叶斑病和氮利用率降低以相互依赖的方式改变 WRKY 转录因子表达

DOI：
10.3390/ijms21114165
发表时间：
2020-06-01
期刊：
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Alistair A Poll;Jack Lee;R. S;erson;erson;Ed Byrne;J. Gatehouse;A. Sadan;om;om;A. Gatehouse;M. Edwards
通讯作者：
M. Edwards

SUMO Suppresses the Activity of the Jasmonic Acid Receptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1.

SUMO 抑制茉莉酸受体 CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 的活性。