DRUGS OF ABUSE AND NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

滥用药物和负强化

基本信息

批准号：
2119880
负责人：
Joseph Mark Galizio
金额：
$ 3万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA WILMINGTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1991-07-01 至 1995-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2119880
关键词：
SCH 23390 amphetamines behavior buprenorphine dopamine agonists dopamine receptor drug abuse fentanyl laboratory rat methadone morphine negative reinforcements opiate alkaloid opioid receptor psychopharmacology

项目摘要

Although many theories of substance abuse emphasize the role of negative reinforcement processes in drug dependence, our understanding of the effects of drugs of abuse on behavior maintained by negative reinforcement remains incomplete. One reason is that techniques that permit the study of the actions of drugs on negatively-reinforced behavior are quite limited. The proposed research will elaborate on a procedure developed in our laboratory that permits the study of behavior maintained by two concurrently available sources of negative reinforcement in rats: avoidance and timeout from avoidance. The timeout from avoidance procedure is of particular value in that timeout can be programmed using the same schedule arrangements as positive reinforcers, thus permitting comparisons between drug effects with the two types of reinforcers. In previous research using this technique, unique and opposite effects were produced by drugs of abuse morphine and amphetamine. The proposed studies will evaluate the generality of these effects by determining whether the effects of morphine are shared by other opioid compounds such as fentanyl, methadone, buprenorphine, and the specific kappa agonist U50,488. Related studies will assess whether the effects of amphetamine are shared by other stimulant drugs such as cocaine, and by drugs that affect specific receptor sites in the dopaminergic systems such as SCH23390, SKF38393, raclopride, and quinpirole. Further proposed research will help to determine the proper interpretation of the actions of drugs of abuse on timeout from avoidance by analyzing the extent to which morphine and amphetamine effects are due to altered magnitude or efficacy of negative reinforcement.

尽管许多药物滥用理论都强调消极的作用药物依赖的强化过程，我们对滥用药物对负强化维持行为的影响仍然不完整。原因之一是允许研究的技术药物对负强化行为的作用相当有限。拟议的研究将详细阐述我们开发的程序允许研究两个人维持的行为的实验室大鼠中同时可用的负强化来源：回避和回避超时。回避程序超时具有特殊的价值，因为可以使用相同的方法对超时进行编程日程安排作为积极的强化物，从而允许比较两种强化剂的药物作用之间的比较。在之前的使用这种技术的研究，产生了独特且相反的效果滥用吗啡和安非他明的药物。拟议的研究将通过确定这些影响是否存在来评估这些影响的普遍性吗啡与其他阿片类化合物（如芬太尼）共享，美沙酮、丁丙诺啡和特定的 kappa 激动剂 U50,488。有关的研究将评估安非他明的影响是否与其他药物相同兴奋剂药物，如可卡因，以及影响特定受体的药物多巴胺能系统中的位点，例如 SCH23390、SKF38393、雷氯必利、和喹吡罗。进一步提出的研究将有助于确定正确解释滥用药物在暂停时的行为通过分析吗啡和安非他明的作用程度来避免是由于负强化的幅度或功效改变所致。