Maximising the potential of Aegilops ventricosa introgression for Pch1 eyespot resistance and increased grain protein in wheat

最大限度地发挥山羊草基因渗入对 Pch1 眼斑病抗性和增加小麦籽粒蛋白质的潜力

• 批准号: BB/L008955/1
• 负责人: Paul Nicholson
• 金额: $ 56.71万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL008955%2F1
• 关键词: Maximising; potential; Aegilops; ventricosa; introgression

Eyespot is the most important disease of the stem base of cereals in the UK causing £12-20 million per annum in lost yield, in addition to significant expenditure on fungicides. Only three sources of resistance to eyespot are known to be present in modern wheat cultivars. The most potent of these is the gene Pch1, which originates from a wild grass. This resistance was introduced into wheat by conventional crossing, replacing a large segment of one of the wheat chromosomes with the equivalent portion from the wild grass (so-called 7DV segment). The two other eyespot resistances (Pch2 and QTL5A) both come from the variety Cappelle Desprez but they both have only moderate effects on eyespot resistance. Wheat varieties carrying the 7DV segment are highly resistant to eyespot and it has also been observed that varieties containing the 7DV segment have a higher grain protein content. Unfortunately varieties carrying this 7DV segment suffer a yield penalty and it is only relatively recently that Pch1 carrying varieties have been developed that also possess high yield potential. We have shown that most of these varieties carry the full size original segment and so it appears that the negative yield effect of the 7DV segment is compensated by other factors in these new varieties.Efforts to separate the desirable eyespot resistance and protein content traits from the deleterious yield effect have been seriously hindered by two factors: an apparent reduction in recombination between the native wheat chromosome and the 7DV segment and a lack of suitable DNA markers. However, recent advances in marker technology have made it possible to characterise the 7DV segment and identify lines carrying much smaller segments. In this project we aim to isolate the Pch1 gene and also identify the part of the7DV segment that confers the increased grain protein content. This will enable plant breeders to develop wheat varieties that carry the desirable parts of the 7DV segment (Pch1 eyespot resistance and the part responsible for increased grain protein content) without the undesirable (yield penalty) parts.Pch1 lies in a region of 7DV that is similar to that of the moderately effective eyespot resistance gene Pch2 from Cappelle Desprez. These two resistances are potentially due to 'sister' genes and we will determine whether this is the case or whether they are in similar but not identical positions.

眼斑病是英国谷物茎基部最重要的病害，每年造成 12-2000 万英镑的产量损失，此外还需要在杀菌剂上投入大量资金，目前已知现代小麦中仅存在三种抗眼斑病来源。其中最有效的是基因 Pch1，它源自野生草，这种抗性是通过杂交引入小麦的，即用野生草（所谓的）的相当部分替换小麦染色体的一大部分。 7DV 片段）的另外两种眼斑病抗性（Pch2 和 QTL5A）均来自品种 Cappelle Desprez，但它们对携带 7DV 片段的小麦品种对眼斑病具有高度抗性，并且还观察到它们对眼斑病具有较高的抗性。含有 7DV 片段的品种具有较高的谷物蛋白质含量。不幸的是，携带该 7DV 片段的品种受到产量损失，并且直到最近我们才开发出具有高产量潜力的携带 Pch1 的品种。已经表明，大多数这些品种都携带全尺寸的原始片段，因此，7DV片段的负产量效应似乎被这些新品种中的其他因素所补偿。努力将理想的眼斑抗性和蛋白质含量性状与有害性状分开产量效应受到两个因素的严重阻碍：天然小麦染色体和 7DV 片段之间的重组明显减少以及缺乏合适的 DNA 标记。然而，标记技术的最新进展使得表征 7DV 片段和鉴定成为可能。线路承载在这个项目中，我们的目标是分离 Pch1 基因，并确定 7DV 片段中能够增加谷物蛋白质含量的部分，这将使植物育种者能够开发出携带所需的 7DV 片段（Pch1）部分的小麦品种。眼斑抗性和负责增加谷物蛋白质含量的部分），没有不需要的（产量损失）部分。Pch1 位于 7DV 的一个区域，该区域与中等有效的眼斑抗性基因 Pch2 的区域相似Cappelle Desprez。这两种抗性可能是由“姐妹”基因引起的，我们将确定是否是这种情况，或者它们是否处于相似但不相同的位置。

项目成果

Mining the Watkins collection of wheat landraces for novel sources of eyespot resistance

挖掘沃特金斯小麦地方品种收藏，寻找抗眼斑病的新来源

• DOI: http://dx.10.1111/ppa.12221
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Plant Pathology
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Burt C

Yield reduction historically associated with the Aegilops ventricosa 7DV introgression is genetically and physically distinct from the eyespot resistance gene Pch1.

历史上与 Aegilops ventricosa 7DV 基因渗入相关的产量降低在遗传和物理上与眼斑抗性基因 Pch1 不同。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1007/s00122-019-03502-1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik
• 作者: Pasquariello M

The eyespot resistance genes Pch1 and Pch2 of wheat are not homoeoloci.

小麦的眼斑抗性基因Pch1和Pch2不是同源基因。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1007/s00122-016-2796-x
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik
• 作者: Pasquariello M