ETHICOBOTS (Ethiopia Control of Bovine Tuberculosis Strategies)

ETHICOBOTS（埃塞俄比亚牛结核病控制策略）

基本信息

批准号：
BB/L018977/1
负责人：
James Wood
金额：
$ 369.91万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL018977%2F1
关键词：
ETHICOBOTS Ethiopia Control Bovine Tuberculosis

项目摘要

Ethiopia is the second most populous sub-Saharan African country with a rapidly growing population. It is a least-developed, predominantly agrarian country struggling to emerge from extreme poverty, through an ambitious national growth and transformation plan, to achieve middle income status by 2025. Livestock contributes to a high proportion of national income and is one of the pillars to economic development. Traditional extensive farming systems with the less productive local Zebu cattle are being supplemented and replaced with intensive farming of imported Holstein-Friesian and their cross breeds at a rapid rate driven by high demand for dairy and meat products of a rapidly growing urban population. Although bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is endemic in Ethiopia, the prevalence is low among the local Zebu cattle because of their relative resistance. Expansion of dairy farms around major urban centres has however created hotspots of TB infected exotic cattle. With no legal requirement to test and cull infected cattle in Ethiopia, unlike in developed countries, the potential for rapid spread of bTB across the cattle trade routes through amplification by the dairy farms in peri-urban areas is a real emerging danger.We propose to develop control strategies for bTB in Ethiopia based on investigation and analysis of the epidemiology of the disease and its determinants through a series of interlinked social and biological science studies, encompassing the emerging livestock system, livelihood of affected farmers and available tools for bTB control. We will determine disease prevalence among dairy cattle in different areas, capture cattle trading and exchange mechanisms, study risk management and mitigation practices for households and document how prevailing social, cultural and economic factors impact them. We will quantify the burden of bTB among exposed intensive farm and abattoir workers and determine how illness and health is managed in poor families. Local perceptions of infection and disease transmission, coping mechanisms and gender roles in order will help explain consumption practices. In turn, these may enhance disease risk and impact poverty and wellbeing amongst an expanding high risk group. We will compare disease susceptibility among the local and Holstein cattle and evaluate the degree of protection given by BCG vaccination to cross-breed cattle. Based on the multidisciplinary information gathered by these investigations, we will assess the feasibility of various bTB control strategies such as vaccination, control of animal movements and health education within the Ethiopian context. We will determine factors that affect implementation such as cost-efficiency, social and cultural acceptability and practicality. This will be coordinated with targeted capacity building of Ethiopian researchers and institutions to enhance multidisciplinary scientific capabilities for sustainable local research for the longer term.The results will provide practical and effective bTB control strategies, which when applied, will significantly reduce the high rate of bTB and its zoonotic transfer in the expanding dairy sector; minimize trading of bTB infected dairy cattle to protect the national zebu herd and the livelihood of poor farmers; and reduce the risk of zoonosis in high risk populations. The current proposal builds on previous experience of a successful collaboration with the Ethiopian Government on bTB to focus on an emerging rapid change in the nature of livestock systems in this developing country, dairy farms, that impact on the livelihoods and health of poor people. The project will be carried out with the active participation of the relevant government units and local communities in the field to maximize the likelihood of implementation of results into policy and practice. The main expected outcome is reduced impact of a zoonotic disease on poor people and their livestock in a least developed country.

埃塞俄比亚是人口迅速增长的第二大撒哈拉以南非洲国家。这是一个最不发达的，主要是农业国家，努力通过雄心勃勃的民族增长和转型计划从极端贫困中脱颖而出，到2025年达到中等收入状况。牲畜贡献了很大的国民收入，并且是支柱之一，是支柱之一经济发展。传统的广泛农业系统的生产力较低的当地Zebu牛正在补充，并由进口的荷斯坦 - 弗里斯安人的强化农业及其交叉品种取代，这是由于对迅速增长的城市人口的乳制品和肉类产品的高需求而迅速驱动的。尽管牛结核病（BTB）在埃塞俄比亚是特有的，但由于其相对抵抗力，局部Zebu牛的患病率很低。然而，主要城市中心周围的奶牛场的扩展已经创造了结核病感染的外来牛的热点。与发达国家不同的是，由于没有法律要求在埃塞俄比亚进行测试和抢购感染的牛，因此，通过在郊区郊区的奶牛场放大，BTB在牛贸易路线上快速传播的潜力是一种真正的危险。通过一系列相互联系的社会和生物科学研究，基于对埃塞俄比亚BTB的控制策略，基于对疾病的流行病学及其决定因素的分析，涵盖了新兴的牲畜系统，受影响的农民的生计和可用的BTB控制工具。我们将确定不同地区奶牛之间的疾病患病率，捕获牛贸易和交换机制，研究风险管理和缓解措施的家庭，并记录社会，文化和经济因素的普遍影响。我们将量化暴露的密集农场和屠宰场工人中BTB的负担，并确定贫困家庭如何管理疾病和健康。当地对感染和疾病传播，应对机制和性别角色的看法将有助于解释消费习惯。反过来，这些可能会增强疾病的风险，并影响贫困和福祉，这是一个不断扩大的高风险群体。我们将比较当地和荷斯坦牛之间的疾病敏感性，并评估BCG疫苗接种对跨育牛的保护程度。根据这些调查收集的多学科信息，我们将评估埃塞俄比亚背景下各种BTB控制策略的可行性，例如疫苗接种，对动物运动的控制和健康教育。我们将确定影响实施的因素，例如成本效益，社会和文化可接受性和实用性。这将与埃塞俄比亚研究人员和机构的有针对性的能力建设协调，以增强长期可持续研究的多学科科学能力。结果将提供实用有效的BTB控制策略，当应用时，这些策略将大大降低BTB的高率。及其在不断扩大的乳制品领域的人畜共患转移；最大程度地减少BTB感染的奶牛的交易，以保护国家Zebu牛群和贫穷农民的生计；并降低高风险人群中人畜共患病的风险。当前的提案是基于以前与埃塞俄比亚政府在BTB上成功合作的经验，专注于这个发展中国家奶牛场的牲畜系统的快速变化，这影响了穷人的生计和健康。该项目将随着该领域的相关政府部门和当地社区的积极参与而进行，以最大程度地将结果实施到政策和实践中。预期的主要结果是，人畜共患病对穷人及其牲畜的影响减少了。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The variable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among dairy herds in Central Ethiopia provides opportunities for targeted intervention.

DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0254091
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
PloS one
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Almaw G;Conlan AJK;Ameni G;Gumi B;Alemu A;Guta S;Gebre S;Olani A;Garoma A;Shegu D;Yimesgen L;Nigussie D;Wood JLN;Abebe T;Mihret A;Berg S;ETHICOBOTS consortium
通讯作者：
ETHICOBOTS consortium

Spoligotype analysis of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from cattle and assessment of zoonotic TB transmission among individuals working in bovine TB-infected dairy farms in Ethiopia.

对从牛中分离出来的牛分枝杆菌进行了 spoligotype 分析，并评估了在埃塞俄比亚感染牛结核病的奶牛场工作的个体中人畜共患结核病的传播情况。

DOI：
10.17863/cam.84713
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Almaw G
通讯作者：
Almaw G

Population structure and transmission of Mycobacterium bovis in Ethiopia.

DOI：
10.1099/mgen.0.000539
发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
Microbial genomics
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Almaw G;Mekonnen GA;Mihret A;Aseffa A;Taye H;Conlan AJK;Gumi B;Zewude A;Aliy A;Tamiru M;Olani A;Lakew M;Sombo M;Gebre S;Diguimbaye C;Hilty M;Fané A;Müller B;Hewinson RG;Ellis RJ;Nunez-Garcia J;Palkopoulou E;Abebe T;Ameni G;Parkhill J;Wood JLN;The Ethicobots Consortium;Berg S;van Tonder AJ
通讯作者：
van Tonder AJ

Drug Resistance Conferring Mutation and Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Tuberculosis Lymphadenitis Patients; Ethiopia.