CAPP: Combining Plant and Algal Photosynthesis

CAPP：结合植物和藻类光合作用

• 批准号: BB/I024518/1
• 负责人: Howard Griffiths
• 金额: $ 47.42万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FI024518%2F1
• 关键词: CAPP; Combining; Plant; Algal; Photosynthesis

In most plants, growth rate is limited by the rate at which carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is taken up and converted to sugars in the process of photosynthesis. The enzyme responsible for the first step in this process, Rubisco, does not work at its potential maximum efficiency at the current levels of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere. If levels were much higher, photosynthesis would be faster and plants would grow faster. This speeding-up of photosynthesis will happen naturally over the next fifty years or so as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rise due to human activities. However, there is an immediate requirement for increased crop productivity to provide food for the rising population of the planet. Our project addresses this problem. We are studying a mechanism present in tiny green algae that results in high concentrations of carbon dioxide inside their photosynthesising cells (called a Carbon Concentrating Mechanism, or CCM), enabling Rubisco to work at maximum efficiency. We have recently discovered important new information about this mechanism, and we have invented new and rapid methods to discover algal genes that contribute to it. We have two complementary and parallel aims. First, we will apply our new methods to identify all of the genes required by the algae to achieve high concentrations of carbon dioxide inside the cells, and we will discover exactly how these genes work. Second, we will transfer the most important genes into a plant, and study whether the same CCM can be recreated inside a leaf. If it can, we expect that our experimental plant will have higher rates of photosynthesis and hence a higher rate of growth than normal plants. This work will provide new insights into how plants and algae acquire and use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, of great importance in predicting and coping with the current rapid changes in the atmosphere and hence in climate. The work will also contribute to strategies to increase global food security, because it will indicate new ways in which crop productivity can be increased.

在大多数植物中，生长速度受到光合作用过程中吸收大气中二氧化碳并转化为糖的速度的限制。在当前大气中的二氧化碳水平下，负责该过程第一步的酶 Rubisco 并未发挥其潜在的最大效率。如果水平更高，光合作用就会更快，植物就会生长得更快。随着人类活动导致大气中二氧化碳含量上升，光合作用的加速将在未来五十年左右自然发生。然而，迫切需要提高作物生产力，以便为地球上不断增长的人口提供粮食。我们的项目解决了这个问题。我们正在研究微小绿藻中存在的一种机制，该机制会导致其光合作用细胞内产生高浓度的二氧化碳（称为碳浓缩机制，或 CCM），从而使 Rubisco 能够以最高效率工作。我们最近发现了有关该机制的重要新信息，并且发明了新的快速方法来发现有助于该机制的藻类基因。我们有两个互补且并行的目标。首先，我们将应用我们的新方法来识别藻类在细胞内实现高浓度二氧化碳所需的所有基因，并且我们将确切地发现这些基因是如何工作的。其次，我们将把最重要的基因转移到植物中，并研究是否可以在叶子内重新创建相同的 CCM。如果可以的话，我们预计我们的实验植物将具有比正常植物更高的光合作用速率，从而具有更高的生长速率。这项工作将为植物和藻类如何从大气中获取和利用二氧化碳提供新的见解，对于预测和应对当前大气乃至气候的快速变化具有重要意义。这项工作还将有助于加强全球粮食安全的战略，因为它将指出提高作物生产力的新方法。

项目成果

Pyrenoid loss in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii causes limitations in CO2 supply, but not thylakoid operating efficiency

莱茵衣藻中的核糖体损失会导致二氧化碳供应受到限制，但不会导致类囊体运行效率受到限制

• DOI: http://dx.10.17863/cam.9862
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Caspari O

An Excel tool for deriving key photosynthetic parameters from combined gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence: theory and practice.

用于从组合气体交换和叶绿素荧光导出关键光合作用参数的 Excel 工具：理论与实践。

• DOI: 10.1111/pce.12560
• 发表时间: 2016-06-01
• 期刊: Plant, cell & environment
• 作者: Ch;ra Bellasio;ra;D. Beerling;H. Griffiths
• 通讯作者: H. Griffiths

Pyrenoid loss in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii causes limitations in CO2 supply, but not thylakoid operating efficiency.

莱茵衣藻中的核糖体损失会限制二氧化碳的供应，但不会限制类囊体的运行效率。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1093/jxb/erx197
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of experimental botany
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Caspari OD

Plant venation: from succulence to succulents.

植物脉络：从肉质植物到多肉植物。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.060
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: CB
• 作者: Griffiths H

Introducing an algal carbon-concentrating mechanism into higher plants: location and incorporation of key components.

将藻类碳浓缩机制引入高等植物：关键成分的定位和合并。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1111/pbi.12497
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Plant biotechnology journal
• 影响因子: 13.8
• 作者: Atkinson N