Overcoming the blunted response to resistance exercise with fish oil to maximise the maintenance of muscle mass in older people

使用鱼油克服抵抗运动的迟钝反应，最大限度地维持老年人的肌肉质量

• 批准号: BB/J015911/1
• 负责人: Stuart Gray
• 金额: $ 42.14万
• 依托单位: University of Aberdeen
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ015911%2F1
• 关键词: Overcoming; blunted; response; resistance; exercise

Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body and has many important roles in determining our physical abilities and overall wellbeing. One major function of skeletal muscle is to carry out many daily tasks, such as rising from a chair or getting on a bus, tasks often referred to as functional abilities. During healthy ageing muscle size is reduced by approximately 0.5-2% a year (known as sarcopenia), with concurrent reductions in functional abilities. This can result in a reduction in quality of life and loss of independence, both of which are clearly not desirable. The incidence of sarcopenia is around 20% between 50-70 years and around 50% in those over 80 years, with the absolute numbers and the average age of the population rising.One method through which we can enhance muscle function and retard the progression of sarcopenia, across all age groups, is through exercise. The effectiveness of exercise will depend on a number of genetic and environmental factors, with nutritional intake being one of the most important and easily altered. Recent research has suggested that altering the type of fatty acids consumed may have a positive effect on muscle function. Little research is yet to be carried out in elderly humans. This is important as that findings from animal models are not definitively transferrable to humans. The main aim of the current proposal, therefore, is to investigate the effect the consumption of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids found in oily fish, on the response to a resistance training programme in the elderly. A further aim is to determine the mechanisms which result in these adaptive responses. The project will be centred round a large 18 week resistance training/nutritional (EPA/DHA) intervention with both males and females over the age of 65 years. There are three main research questions and experiments stemming from this intervention. 1) Does the consumption of EPA and DHA result in a greater increase in strength, power and functional abilities in response to resistance training? To answer this question a series of measures of muscular performance and functional abilities will be assessed. 2) Does the consumption of EPA and DHA increase the size and quality of muscles, reduce the amount of fat found within the muscle and decrease inflammation? To address this question the participants will have MRI images of their muscles and blood samples taken before and after the intervention. This will allow the calculation of muscle mass/fat content and circulating levels of inflammatory markers. 3) Does the consumption of EPA and DHA enhance the activity of the molecules involved in controlling muscle mass after a single bout of resistance exercise? For this question we will obtain muscle samples before and after a single training session and measure changes in molecules previously identified as important in the changes in muscle mass in response to exercise. A fourth aim running throughout the proposal is 4) Do males and females respond differently to the combination of EPA/DHA and resistance exercise? Differences in protein metabolism have previously been noted between genders and yet the investigation of these differences is often overlooked. We will investigate this by studying responses in groups of males and females.In summary, the aim of the proposed project is to test the hypothesis that the consumption of fatty acids found in oily fish will improve the response of an elderly population to a resistance training intervention. The major outcome of the proposal would be in establishing a beneficial effect of fish oil on muscular adaptation in the elderly, opening up a widely available therapeutic strategy for an improvement in the quality of life in the elderly population. Such strategies are of particular importance due to the increasing age of the UK population.

骨骼肌是人体最大的器官，在确定我们的身体能力和整体健康方面具有许多重要的作用。骨骼肌的一个主要功能是执行许多日常任务，例如从椅子上升起或乘公共汽车，通常称为功能能力。在健康衰老期间，肌肉大小每年降低约0.5-2％（称为肌肉减少症），功能能力同时降低。这可能导致生活质量和独立性丧失的降低，这显然是不可取的。在50-70岁之间，肌肉减少症的发生率约为20％，在80年内的发生率约为50％，绝对数量和人口的平均年龄上升。各个年龄段的肌肉减少症是通过运动。运动的有效性将取决于许多遗传和环境因素，而营养摄入量是最重要且易于改变的遗传摄入量之一。最近的研究表明，改变所消耗的脂肪酸的类型可能会对肌肉功能产生积极影响。在老年人中尚未进行的研究尚未进行。这很重要，因为来自动物模型的发现并不能明确地转移到人类。因此，当前建议的主要目的是研究eicosapentaenoic酸（EPA）和二十六烯酸（DHA）的消耗，长链在油性鱼类中发现的多不饱和脂肪酸，对对对抗反应的响应的多不饱和脂肪酸对抗性训练计划的反应老年。另一个目的是确定导致这些适应性反应的机制。该项目将围绕大型的18周抵抗训练/营养（EPA/DHA）干预，以与男性和女性65岁以上。这项干预措施有三个主要的研究问题和实验。 1）EPA和DHA的消费是否会导致对抵抗训练的强度，功能和功能能力的提高？为了回答这个问题，将评估一系列肌肉表现和功能能力的度量。 2）EPA和DHA的消耗是否会增加肌肉的大小和质量，减少肌肉中发现的脂肪量并减少炎症？为了解决这个问题，参与者将在干预之前和之后拍摄其肌肉和血液样本的MRI图像。这将允许计算肌肉质量/脂肪含量和炎症标记的循环水平。 3）EPA和DHA的消耗是否会增强一次抵抗运动后控制肌肉质量的分子的活性？对于这个问题，我们将在一次训练之前和之后获得肌肉样本，并测量以前确定在肌肉质量变化的分子的变化中，响应于运动。在整个提案中运行的第四个目标是4）男性和女性对EPA/DHA和抵抗运动的组合有不同的反应吗？以前在性别之间已经注意到了蛋白质代谢的差异，但是对这些差异的研究经常被忽略。总而言之，我们将通过研究男性和女性的反应来研究这一点。拟议项目的目的是检验以下假设：在油性鱼类中发现的脂肪酸的消耗将改善老年人对抵抗训练的反应干涉。该提案的主要结果是建立鱼油对老年人肌肉适应的有益效果，开辟了一种广泛可用的治疗策略，以改善老年人口的生活质量。由于英国人口年龄的增长，这种策略尤其重要。

项目成果

Homoarginine and inhibition of human arginase activity: kinetic characterization and biological relevance.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22099-x
• 发表时间: 2018-02-27
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Tommasi S;Elliot DJ;Da Boit M;Gray SR;Lewis BC;Mangoni AA
• 通讯作者: Mangoni AA

Fit with good fat? The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on exercise performance.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.10.007
• 发表时间: 2017-01
• 期刊: METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Da Boit, Mariasole;Hunter, Angus M.;Gray, Stuart R.
• 通讯作者: Gray, Stuart R.

Sex differences in the effect of fish-oil supplementation on the adaptive response to resistance exercise training in older people: a randomized controlled trial.

• DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.140780
• 发表时间: 2017-01
• 期刊: The American journal of clinical nutrition
• 作者: Da Boit M;Sibson R;Sivasubramaniam S;Meakin JR;Greig CA;Aspden RM;Thies F;Jeromson S;Hamilton DL;Speakman JR;Hambly C;Mangoni AA;Preston T;Gray SR
• 通讯作者: Gray SR

Fish Oils and their Potential in the Treatment of Sarcopenia.

鱼油及其治疗肌肉减少症的潜力。

• DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2013.31
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: The Journal of frailty & aging
• 作者: Gray SR

Sex differences in the response to resistance exercise training in older people.

• DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12834
• 发表时间: 2016-06
• 期刊: Physiological reports
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Da Boit M;Sibson R;Meakin JR;Aspden RM;Thies F;Mangoni AA;Gray SR
• 通讯作者: Gray SR