The Other Rome: Centring People and Spaces of Maintenance

另一个罗马：以人员和维护空间为中心

• 批准号: AH/Y000277/1
• 负责人: Francesca Piazzoni
• 金额: $ 22.78万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FY000277%2F1
• 关键词: Other; Rome; Centring; People; Spaces

People imagine Rome as a city of famous monuments. But there is a whole other, hidden Rome: one that exists to maintain its iconic counterpart. A lot of work goes into keeping touristic sites clean. This work is usually carried out by underprivileged and immigrant residents from Eastern Europe or Africa. As they do not look like the Romans that tourists expect to see (that is, white people enjoying "la dolce vita," not sweating labourers), cleaners are labelled as inappropriate users of space and made to work out of sight from visitors and wealthy residents. Hidden spaces too help sustain the tourism industry: alleys and back-rooms create a service infrastructure that profits business and property owners, but hides the people who actually keep the city running. Making this Other Rome visible is key to challenge tourist economies that capitalise on an image of purity, excluding people and spaces that contradict that image. The research will examine how the invisible city of maintenance developed and how it supports the Rome that most people know today. Archival and ethnographic methods will identify how policies and transformations of space have relegated cleaners to a condition of marginality, and how the workers in turn have countered exclusion by forging their own Rome. Special attention will be given to how the city of maintenance is not simply ancillary to, but rather a critical agent of Rome's heritage. Analyses of historical documents will form the first phase of the project. While much has been written on Rome's architecture, most studies focus on the history of celebrated buildings and the influential people who made them. Hardly any work has centred the people who cleaned those spaces. Yet efforts to keep Rome tidy have long shaped the city and its people. Since the late-nineteenth century, poor residents were hired to clean streets and monuments while being prohibited from using those spaces to eat, play, or even loiter. Written and visual sources from three archives will help detail how sanitizing measures relegated poor residents to service activities, and how residents occupied spaces for their daily routines. The second phase will focus on contemporary Rome. Since the 1990s, welfare cuts, rising housing prices, and sanitising regulations of public space have made the historic centre an exclusive playground for tourists and elites. Staging this playground as a theatre of art and power requires keeping streets in order. As administrators struggle with this task due to disinvestments and corruption, managers supplement city services by hiring people to clean churches, shops, and the streets around them. These cleaners are often immigrants who, after traveling for hours to get to the centre, find no services catering to their needs and are asked by employers to remain invisible to tourists. Spatial surveys and interviews with workers, employers, and tourists will investigate how cleaning governance disciplines labourers, and how cleaners use space to fabricate their own city within the city. The last phase of the project will make the Other Rome known to specialised and general publics. Outputs for the former will include an interdisciplinary symposium, a journal article, a book proposal, and a report with design guidelines. Two other outputs will target general audiences. Firstly, made in collaboration with the cleaners, an audio-tour will allow tourists to visit historic sites while listening to workers' memories of those spaces. Secondly, an exhibition will combine historical and present-day photographs, sounds, and digitized archival data on maintenance. Altogether, these activities will show how mainstream representations of Rome systematically erase an essential part of what-and who-the city is about. Recognizing the people who clean and their Rome as integral to the city's identity, the project will set a basis for dismantling exploitative employment and spatial discriminations.

人们想象罗马是一座拥有著名古迹的城市。但还有另外一个隐藏的罗马：它的存在是为了维护其标志性的对应物。保持旅游景点清洁需要做很多工作。这项工作通常由来自东欧或非洲的贫困居民和移民居民进行。由于清洁工看起来不像游客期望看到的罗马人（即享受“甜蜜生活”的白人，而不是挥汗如雨的劳动者），清洁工被贴上不适当的空间使用者的标签，并被迫在游客和富人看不见的地方工作居民。隐藏的空间也有助于维持旅游业：小巷和后屋创造了一个服务基础设施，为企业和业主带来利润，但却隐藏了真正维持城市运转的人。让另一个罗马可见是挑战旅游经济的关键，这些经济利用纯洁的形象，排除与该形象相矛盾的人和空间。该研究将探讨隐形维护城市是如何发展的，以及它如何支撑当今大多数人所熟知的罗马。档案和人种学方法将确定政策和空间转变如何将清洁工置于边缘地位，以及工人如何通过打造自己的罗马来对抗排斥。我们将特别关注维护之城如何不仅是罗马遗产的附属品，而且是罗马遗产的关键代理人。对历史文献的分析将构成该项目的第一阶段。虽然关于罗马建筑的文章很多，但大多数研究都集中在著名建筑的历史和建造这些建筑的有影响力的人物上。几乎没有任何工作集中于清洁这些空间的人员。然而，保持罗马整洁的努力长期以来一直影响着这座城市及其人民。自十九世纪末以来，贫困居民被雇用来清洁街道和纪念碑，但禁止使用这些空间吃饭、玩耍，甚至闲逛。来自三个档案馆的书面和视觉资料将有助于详细说明卫生措施如何使贫困居民从事服务活动，以及居民如何占用日常活动空间。第二阶段将重点关注当代罗马。自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，福利削减、房价上涨以及公共空间的消毒规定使这座历史中心成为游客和精英的专属游乐场。将这个游乐场打造为艺术和权力的剧场需要保持街道秩序。当管理人员因投资减少和腐败而难以完成这项任务时，管理人员通过雇用人员清洁教堂、商店和周围的街道来补充城市服务。这些清洁工通常是移民，他们在花费数小时到达中心后，发现没有任何服务可以满足他们的需求，因此雇主要求他们对游客保持隐形。空间调查和对工人、雇主和游客的采访将调查清洁治理如何约束工人，以及清洁工如何利用空间在城中建造自己的城市。该项目的最后阶段将使专业人士和公众了解“另一个罗马”。前者的产出将包括跨学科研讨会、期刊文章、书籍提案和带有设计指南的报告。另外两项成果将针对普通受众。首先，与清洁工合作，音频之旅将允许游客参观历史遗迹，同时聆听工人对这些空间的回忆。其次，展览将结合历史和当今的照片、声音和维护方面的数字化档案数据。总而言之，这些活动将展示罗马的主流表述如何系统地抹去这座城市的本质和内涵的重要部分。该项目认识到清洁人员和他们的罗马是城市身份的组成部分，将为消除剥削性就业和空间歧视奠定基础。