Visualizing Janowska: Creating a Digital Architectural Model of a Nazi Concentration Camp

可视化 Janowska：创建纳粹集中营的数字建筑模型

• 批准号: AH/X00774X/1
• 负责人: Waitman Beorn
• 金额: $ 23.07万
• 依托单位: Northumbria University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FX00774X%2F1
• 关键词: Visualizing; Janowska; Creating; Digital; Architectural

From 1941 to 1944, the Nazis murdered perhaps 80,000 people, mostly Jews, in a small concentration camp in the suburbs of Lviv, Ukraine called Janowska. The camp also served as an indispensable accomplice in deporting and exterminating the bulk of the 160,000 Jews in the city as well as tens of thousands from the surrounding countryside. Very little remains of the site today and little archaeology is possible as the area is still largely part of a Ukrainian prison. Commemoration and public history around the former camp is limited, even for the inhabitants of Lviv. A methodology incorporating the spatial turn-an analysis of space and place in the camp, as well at multiple scales-is therefore especially suited to investigating the built environment of this camp.Relying on the archival research for a completed scholarly book manuscript, this project aims to build the first Historical Building Information Model (HBIM) of a Nazi concentration camp. This pathbreaking digital humanities (DH) project will add to several critical scholarly discussions: 1) the use of DH tools in modeling and scholarly analysis, 2) the pedagogical utility of HBIM in public history, 3) the ethical considerations raised by the application of this methodology to sensitive topics like sites of suffering and genocide as well as its prospective suitability in the heritage sector. In addition, it will offer me as a digital humanist to hone my skills in the doing of DH and in leading an interdisciplinary team.HBIMs are rapidly becoming a cutting-edge tool for both the preservation and analysis of historical spaces. Once built, the model will enable a variety of research exploring issues such as visibility, perspective, even the modelling of sound. Such inquiries can both answer and ask important questions about the lived experience of the camp that other methodologies cannot.The process of creation raises important theoretical and methodological questions of great interest to the larger historical community. Historical sources are by nature imperfect and will lend varying degrees of accuracy to the HBIM. In reconciling these sources, this project operates at the forefront of DH work by grappling with mapping ambiguity and qualitative mapping. For example, what choices do we make in modelling when we have less than perfect information about the built environment and how do we visualize that ambiguity and indicate it to the user? Equally important, this project will encounter critical ethical questions that bear investigating. How do we visualize these spaces? What choices must be made with regards to realism and representation? Only through the process of modelling can these practices be explored. One of the outputs of this project will be at least one but potentially more scholarly journal articles reflecting on the theoretical, methodological, and ethical questions and lessons learned from this digital reconstruction. Finally, the web-based educational platform (which will incorporate the model) will link archival information such as testimony and images spatially within the model, providing a rigorously curated introduction to the important history of the camp and the Holocaust in Lviv/Galizien. This additional project element performs two critical roles. First, as it will be translated into Ukrainian, the model will be used to educate the local population of Lviv and Ukraine. Secondly, both the project and the accompanying educational environment will model one approach to the preservation and interpretation of heritage sites. This is especially important given the fact that the majority of the Janowska site is both inaccessible to the public and mostly physically destroyed. The recent war in Ukraine has made this even more pressing as Russian forces have destroyed Holocaust sites and archives.

1941 年至 1944 年间，纳粹在乌克兰利沃夫郊区一个名为 Janowska 的小型集中营中杀害了大约 8 万人，其中大部分是犹太人。该集中营还是驱逐和消灭该市 16 万犹太人以及周围乡村数万犹太人的不可或缺的帮凶。如今，该遗址的遗迹已所剩无几，考古工作也几乎不可能进行，因为该地区很大程度上仍然是乌克兰监狱的一部分。即使对于利沃夫的居民来说，围绕前营地的纪念活动和公共历史也是有限的。因此，一种结合空间转向的方法——对营地中的空间和地点以及多个尺度进行分析——特别适合调查该营地的建筑环境。该项目以完整的学术书籍手稿的档案研究为基础，旨在建立第一个纳粹集中营历史建筑信息模型（HBIM）。这个开创性的数字人文（DH）项目将增加几个重要的学术讨论：1）DH工具在建模和学术分析中的使用，2）HBIM在公共历史中的教学效用，3）应用这种方法适用于苦难和种族灭绝地点等敏感话题及其在遗产领域的预期适用性。此外，作为一名数字人文主义者，它还可以磨练我在 DH 方面的技能以及领导跨学科团队的技能。HBIM 正在迅速成为历史空间保存和分析的尖端工具。一旦建成，该模型将能够进行各种研究，探索可见性、视角，甚至声音建模等问题。这样的探究既可以回答也可以提出有关集中营生活经验的重要问题，这是其他方法论无法做到的。创作过程提出了更广泛的历史共同体非常感兴趣的重要理论和方法论问题。历史来源本质上是不完善的，并且会给 HBIM 带来不同程度的准确性。在协调这些来源时，该项目处于卫生保健工作的最前沿，致力于解决绘图模糊性和定性绘图问题。例如，当我们对建筑环境的信息不够完美时，我们在建模时会做出什么选择，以及如何将这种模糊性可视化并向用户指示？ 同样重要的是，该项目将遇到值得调查的关键道德问题。我们如何想象这些空间？在现实性和再现性方面必须做出哪些选择？只有通过建模的过程才能探索这些实践。该项目的成果之一将是至少一篇但可能更多的学术期刊文章，反映理论、方法论和伦理问题以及从数字重建中吸取的教训。最后，基于网络的教育平台（将合并该模型）将在模型内空间链接证词和图像等档案信息，为利沃夫/加利津集中营和大屠杀的重要历史提供严格策划的介绍。这个额外的项目元素发挥着两个关键作用。首先，该模型将被翻译成乌克兰语，用于教育利沃夫和乌克兰当地居民。其次，该项目和配套的教育环境都将塑造一种保护和解释遗产地的方法。考虑到亚诺夫斯卡遗址的大部分区域都无法向公众开放且大部分已被物理破坏，这一点尤其重要。最近的乌克兰战争使这一问题变得更加紧迫，因为俄罗斯军队摧毁了大屠杀遗址和档案。