COGNITIVE MODEL OF MEMORY DEFICITS IN ALCOHOLICS

酗酒者记忆缺陷的认知模型

• 批准号: 3112796
• 负责人: OSCAR A PARSONS
• 金额: $ 12.96万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-09-01 至 1992-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3112796
• 关键词: alcoholism /alcohol abuse; attention deficit disorder; cognition disorders; cues; drug adverse effect; electrophysiology; gender difference; human subject; mathematical model; medical complication; memory disorders; menstrual cycle; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; performance; problem solving; psychomotor reaction time; statistics /biometry

Memory deficits in alcoholics are a common clinical and research finding. The specific cognitive components of these deficits remain to be identified. A cognitive theoretical model, after Tariot and Weingarten, is proposed as a promising approach to the problem. This model postulates two memory stores. The first, episodic memory, is involved in the storage and use of contextually bound information. The second, knowledge memory, is involved in the storage and use of logic, meaning and structural relationships such as are involved in abstracting and problem-solving. Our model identifies three processes that characterize retrieval from the two stores: accessibility, availability and, what we term "efficiency." Thirteen studies are presented to address specific hypotheses and questions regarding possible alcoholics impairment within each of the processes for episodic memory (Exp. 1-6) and knowledge memory (Exp. 7-13). Measures of childhood and residual adult attention deficit disorders, family history of alcoholism, gender and stage of menstrual cycle in females are variables that will be examined for possible effects on differences in memory performance between alcoholics and controls. The project will be conducted in three phases. Phase 1-A, Episodic Memory, will use 48 alcoholics and 40 controls for Exps. 1, 2, and 6. Phase 1-B will use new samples of 48 alcoholics and 40 controls to perform Exps. 7- 13. All samples will be balanced for gender and family history of alcoholism. Alcoholics will be recruited from treatment programs in the community and will be diagnosed by DSM-III-R or NCAA criteria. Controls will be recruited from community sources. All subjects will be screened for any medical or psychiatric condition (other than alcoholism) that could affect memory. Subjects will be tested in our laboratories and paid upon completion of the testing. Dependent variables for the various studies, include measures of accuracy, number and type of errors, reaction times and, in two experiments, electrophysiological measures associated with cognitive processes. The results will contribute to the scientific literature by using a specific cognitive model to identify quantitative and qualitative differences in memory functions between alcoholics and controls and by the consideration of the possible effects of attention, gender and family history of alcoholism variables in the results.

酗酒者的记忆缺陷是常见的临床和研究发现。 这些缺陷的具体认知成分仍有待确定 确定。 塔里奥特和温加滕之后的认知理论模型是 被提出作为解决该问题的一种有前途的方法。该模型假设两个 内存存储。 第一个是情景记忆，涉及存储和 使用上下文相关信息。 第二个是知识记忆 涉及逻辑、意义和结构的存储和使用 关系，例如涉及抽象和解决问题的关系。 我们的 模型识别了三个过程，这些过程表征了从两个过程中进行检索的过程 商店：可达性、可用性以及我们所说的“效率”。 提出了十三项研究来解决具体的假设和问题 关于每个过程中可能存在的酗酒者损害 情景记忆（实验1-6）和知识记忆（实验7-13）。 措施 儿童期和成年后残留的注意力缺陷障碍、家族史 酗酒、性别和女性月经周期阶段是变量 将检查对记忆差异可能产生的影响 酗酒者和对照组之间的表现。 该项目将分三个阶段进行。 阶段 1-A，情景记忆， 将使用 48 名酗酒者和 40 名对照者作为 Exps。 1、2 和 6. 1-B 阶段 将使用 48 名酗酒者和 40 名对照者的新样本来进行实验。 7- 13. 所有样本将根据性别和家族史进行平衡 酗酒。 酗酒者将从治疗计划中招募 社区并将根据 DSM-III-R 或 NCAA 标准进行诊断。 控制 将从社区来源招募。 所有科目都将被筛选 任何可能导致以下情况的医疗或精神疾病（酗酒除外） 影响记忆力。 受试者将在我们的实验室进行测试并付款 完成测试。 各种研究的因变量， 包括准确性、错误数量和类型、反应时间的衡量 并且，在两个实验中，与相关的电生理测量 认知过程。 研究结果将有助于科学 文献通过使用特定的认知模型来识别定量和 酗酒者和对照组之间记忆功能的质的差异 并考虑注意力、性别和 结果中存在酗酒家族史变量。