Interpreting the Mensural Notation of Music: An Expert System Based on the Theory of Johannes Tinctoris

解读音乐记谱法：基于约翰内斯·丁克托里斯理论的专家系统

• 批准号: AH/P013910/1
• 负责人: Jeffrey Dean
• 金额: $ 87.12万
• 依托单位: Birmingham City University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP013910%2F1
• 关键词: Interpreting; Mensural; Notation; Music; Expert

This innovative project addresses a central issue confronting those who work with musical sources from the early fourteenth to the early seventeenth century, whether as editors, analysts, or performers. The 'mensural' system of rhythmic notation, then prevalent, was highly contextual; unlike modern 'common-practice' notation, in which all notes are divisible only by two (with well-defined exceptions called 'tuplets') and are therefore definite in duration, many notes in mensural notation could be divided either by two or by three without visual distinction, and their durations were subject to further conventional manipulation according to their context. We will construct an online software expert system, modelling the teachings of one of the foremost fifteenth-century music theorists, Johannes Tinctoris (c.1435-1511), that will take files in uninterpreted mensural notation as input and output them in terms of definite durations. Tinctoris's theory lends itself to such treatment by virtue of his rigorous method and intention to instantiate his rules exhaustively. The proposed system is one natural outgrowth of the online critical edition of Tinctoris's writings produced by the same project team (http://earlymusictheory.org/Tinctoris). Results may be output in a variety of formats: original mensural notation or common-practice notation, score or separate parts. Our system will accept the input of uninterpreted mensural notation produced by other projects; our interpreted output will be available to analytical software developed by still others.We will use machine-learning techniques to improve the system's performance. This will involve training with a graded series of pieces of actual fifteenth-century music: (1) all the music examples Tinctoris composed to illustrate his treatises on mensural notation and counterpoint; (2) all Tinctoris's practical compositions, for which we will produce a new critical edition; (3) selected works of two composers Tinctoris regarded highly, Guillaume du Fay and Antoine Busnoys, whose music was composed with somewhat different notational conventions from those articulated by Tinctoris. We expect the system to be able to interpret the notation of nearly all music from between the early fifteenth century and the early seventeenth (the fourteenth century presents variants we should not have time to address).Students of late-medieval and early-modern music nowadays are less well versed than formerly in the complexities of mensural notation, while at the same time more and more musicians are interested in performing such music from facsimiles of the original sources. Accordingly, we will develop a new online interactive learning tool, with which students, performers, or others can practise the cognitive processes involved in interpreting mensural notation. The tool will present progressive exercises together with target results and a mechanism for annotation, and will be able to give feedback on progress and to offer hints.We expect the development of our software system to generate unpredictable historical discoveries concerning the completeness of Tinctoris's theory and its relation to the wider practice of his time. We will communicate these in the form of standard academic publications. An especially valuable aspect of the project will be a series of public workshops in Birmingham, Oxford, and London, forming a progressive introduction to the software learning tool as it evolves. Principal beneficiaries of this project will include all those involved in the performance, editing, and scholarship of late-medieval and early-modern musical repertories. For all users a much heightened and enriched awareness of the implications of the original, complex notations will be raised, and a highly innovative, practical tool made available to assist with the learning process, as well as to enable the production of new user-led editions of works from this pivotal period of western European music.

这个创新项目解决了那些从十四世纪早期到十七世纪早期使用音乐资源的人所面临的一个中心问题，无论是作为编辑、分析师还是表演者。当时盛行的节奏记谱的“月经”系统是高度语境化的。与现代“通用实践”记谱法不同，其中所有音符只能被二整除（有定义明确的例外，称为“连音”），因此持续时间是确定的，而测量记谱中的许多音符可以被二整除或被三整除没有视觉上的区别，并且它们的持续时间根据其上下文受到进一步的常规操纵。我们将构建一个在线软件专家系统，对 15 世纪最重要的音乐理论家之一 Johannes Tinctoris（约 1435-1511）的教学进行建模，该系统将以未解释的记数法中的文件作为输入，并以明确的形式输出它们。持续时间。丁克托里斯的理论因其严格的方法和详尽地实例化其规则的意图而适合于这种处理。所提出的系统是同一项目团队制作的 Tinctoris 著作在线批评版的自然产物 (http://earlymusictheory.org/Tinctoris)。结果可以多种格式输出：原始测量符号或通用符号、分数或单独的部分。我们的系统将接受其他项目产生的未解释的月经符号的输入；我们的解释输出将可用于其他人开发的分析软件。我们将使用机器学习技术来提高系统的性能。这将涉及使用一系列分级的十五世纪实际音乐作品进行训练：（1）丁克托里斯为说明他的记谱法和对位法论文而创作的所有音乐示例； (2) Tinctoris的所有实用作品，我们将为其制作新的评论版本； (3) 丁克托里斯所推崇的两位作曲家纪尧姆·杜·费伊和安托万·布努瓦的精选作品，他们的音乐是用与丁克托里斯所阐述的记谱惯例有些不同的方式创作的。我们期望该系统能够解释十五世纪初至十七世纪初的几乎所有音乐记谱（十四世纪出现了我们不应该有时间处理的变体）。中世纪晚期和现代早期音乐的学生如今，人们对记谱法的复杂性不如以前那么精通，而与此同时，越来越多的音乐家对通过原始来源的传真来演奏此类音乐感兴趣。因此，我们将开发一种新的在线交互式学习工具，学生、表演者或其他人可以用它来练习解释经谱符号所涉及的认知过程。该工具将呈现渐进的练习以及目标结果和注释机制，并且能够提供进度反馈并提供提示。我们期望我们的软件系统的开发能够产生关于 Tinctoris 理论和完整性的不可预测的历史发现。它与他那个时代更广泛的实践有关。我们将以标准学术出版物的形式传达这些内容。该项目的一个特别有价值的方面是在伯明翰、牛津和伦敦举办一系列公共研讨会，随着软件学习工具的发展逐步介绍它。该项目的主要受益者将包括所有参与中世纪晚期和现代早期音乐剧目的表演、编辑和学术研究的人员。对于所有用户来说，将提高对原始复杂符号含义的认识，并提供高度创新、实用的工具来协助学习过程，并能够生成新的用户主导的内容。西欧音乐这一关键时期的作品版本。

项目成果

Johannes Tinctoris and Music Theory in the Late Fifteenth Century: Essays and Studies

约翰内斯·丁克托里斯和十五世纪后期的音乐理论：论文和研究

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Goursaud C

Against the odds: pandemic early choral music

克服困难：流行的早期合唱音乐

• DOI: http://dx.10.1093/em/caab055
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Early Music
• 影响因子: 0.3
• 作者: Goursaud C

Antoine Busnoys: Selected works

安托万·布斯努伊斯：作品选

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Busnoys; A.
• 通讯作者: A.

MeRIT: An interactive annotation tool for mensural rhythms

MeRIT：月经节律的交互式注释工具

• DOI: http://dx.10.1145/3543882.3543888
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Plaksin A

Modelle zur computergestützten Analyse von Überlieferungen der Mensuralmusik : Empirische Textforschung im Kontext phylogenetischer Verfahren

计算机化的模型对音乐音乐的分析：在上下文系统发育中的经验文本研究

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Plaksin; Anna Viktoria Katrin
• 通讯作者: Anna Viktoria Katrin