Empathic Media: Theory-Building and Knowledge-Exchange with Industry, Regulators and NGOs

同理心媒体：与行业、监管机构和非政府组织的理论构建和知识交流

基本信息

批准号：
AH/M006654/1
负责人：
Andrew John McStay
金额：
$ 16.99万
依托单位：
Bangor University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FM006654%2F1
关键词：
Empathic Media Theory Building Knowledge

项目摘要

This proposed project is founded on one seemingly strange observation: media are increasingly showing signs of being empathic. This reflects not just a niche area of media technology - but, if interest in wearable technology is anything to go by, we are heading towards a society where life is truly mediated. Empathic media refers to the capacity for new media technologies to sense, interpret and act on the emotional states of people, and to make use of people's intentions and expressions in generating textual and personalised media experiences. Cues perceived by what I term 'empathic media' include physiological change (eg pupil dilation, pulse, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature or respiration), electrodermal responses, pheromones, galvanic skin response (eg sweat), facial/body expressions, voice inflection and sound (potentially beyond human range). In each case, empathic media involve systems that monitor our behaviour by means of bodily movement and outputs, engaging with people in a personalised capacity, and doing this by means of tailored textual experiences.Empathic media are the next step in behavioural media, or those tracking practices associated with some of the world's largest online media companies, such as Google and Facebook, whose business models depend on tracking and making sense of our mediated activities. Empathic media include, for instance, Microsoft's Xbox via Kinect (a plug-in device that visually detects motion) that scans the content of rooms in which they are placed and monitors biometric responses to advertising. Not alone, Sony and Verizon have developed very similar televisual feedback systems. Other empathic media on the horizon include Google Glass (augmented reality glasses); networked wrist watches with tracking and bio-sensors; networked clothing and handbags (with global positioning applications); baby clothes able to soothe babies; and garments able to monitor bodily data for purposes ranging from health awareness and self-regulation to comparing sporting performance with others. Whether used for more precisely targeted advertising, or by individuals to better look after their own health, each form of empathic media involves the ability to sense what is significant for people, and make use of both their expressions and intentions, so acting on their emotional states. To study empathic media in greater depth, I seek knowledge exchange by means of semi-structured interviews (conversations with a purpose) with 20+ start-up and established organisations in the US and UK. This comprises companies involved in producing empathic media; advertising agencies seeking to make use of new creative, interactive and data-oriented opportunities generated from empathic media; regulators in Europe and the UK tasked with managing these technologies; and NGOs concerned about privacy. Importantly, through detailed case study analysis of a range of empathic media, I will assess: (a) the 'affordances' of the technologies themselves (ie what properties they possess and what they enable users, and companies, to do); and (b) the political-economic, social and legal issues that these media technologies raise.Outputs will include one monograph on empathic media that theorises them in relation to existing behavioural practices, explores philosophical implications in regard to whether they can "really" know us, and assesses the adequacy of existing privacy laws and norms. Later outputs entail: two empirical journal papers in world-leading journals that advance theory and understanding in light of interviews conducted; three conference papers at major international Media conferences; three reports targeted by sector (industry, regulation and NGOs) and meetings with end-users to deliver these; key findings placed online; public talks and social media engagement; already agreed mass media appearances on BBC radio; and a journalistic article for The Conversation, an RC-UK/Guardian journalism project.

这个提出的项目建立在一个看似奇怪的观察基础上：媒体越来越表现出同理心的迹象。这不仅反映了媒体技术的一个利基领域 - 而且，如果对可穿戴技术有兴趣，我们将朝着一个真正调解生活的社会。移情媒体是指新媒体技术能够感知，解释和行动的能力，并利用人们在产生文本和个性化媒体体验时的意图和表达方式。我所说的“移情培养基”所感知的线索包括生理变化（例如，学生的扩张，脉搏，心率，血压，体温或呼吸），电肌反应，信息素，电力皮肤反应（例如，汗水），面部/身体/身体表情，语音膨胀，声音膨胀和声音（潜在的人类范围之外）。在每种情况下，移情媒体都涉及通过身体运动和产出来监控我们行为的系统，以个性化的能力与人们互动，并通过量身定制的文本体验来进行此操作。移情媒体是行为媒体的下一步，或那些跟踪与世界上一些最大的在线媒体公司（例如Google和Facebook）（例如，他们的商业模型）依赖于我们的商品活动和使我们的活动依赖于我们的MEDIAD MEDIADS AINDIAD AINDIAD ARESSIDERS。例如，通过kinect（一种视觉检测运动的插入设备）扫描放置房间的内容，并监视对广告的生物识别响应，包括Microsoft的Xbox（视觉检测运动的插入设备）。索尼和Verizon并不孤单开发了非常相似的电视反馈系统。地平线上的其他移情媒体包括Google Glass（增强现实眼镜）；带有跟踪和生物传感器的网络手表；网络服装和手袋（带有全球定位应用）；婴儿衣服能够舒缓婴儿；以及能够监视身体数据的服装，以进行从健康意识和自我调节到与他人的体育绩效进行比较。无论是用于更精确的广告，还是个人来更好地照顾自己的健康，每种形式的移情媒体都涉及感知对人们重要的东西，并利用他们的表达和意图的能力，从而对自己的情感状态采取行动。为了更深入地研究移情媒体，我通过半结构化访谈（有目的的对话）寻求知识交流，并与美国和英国的20多个初创企业和已建立的组织。这包括参与生产移情媒体的公司；寻求利用善解人意媒体产生的新创意，互动和以数据为导向的机会的广告机构；欧洲和英国的监管机构负责管理这些技术；非政府组织关注隐私。重要的是，通过对各种移情媒体的详细案例研究分析，我将评估：（a）技术本身的“负担”（即他们拥有的财产以及使用户和公司可以做什么）；（b）这些媒体技术提出的政治经济，社会和法律问题。外发将包括一篇关于同理媒体的专着，这些专着将其与现有行为实践有关的理论化，探讨他们是否可以“真正了解我们”，并评估现有的隐私法律和规范的充分性。后来的输出需要：在世界领先期刊上的两篇经验期刊论文，根据所进行的访谈，可以提高理论和理解；主要国际媒体会议的三篇会议论文；行业（行业，法规和非政府组织）针对的三个报告以及与最终用户交付这些报告；在线放置的主要发现；公众会谈和社交媒体参与；已经商定在BBC广播中的大众媒体露面； RC-UK/Guardian新闻项目的对话的新闻文章。