USE OF FLICKER TO ANALYZE THE VISUAL SYSTEM

使用闪烁分析视觉系统

• 批准号: 2904638
• 负责人: ANDREW STOCKMAN
• 金额: $ 23.25万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 2003-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2904638
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; brightness discrimination; color visions; cone cell; electrophysiology; flicker fusion test; human subject; light adaptations; mathematical model; psychophysics; retinal adaptation; rod cell; visual pathways; visual perception; visual photoreceptor; visual phototransduction; visual stimulus

The goal of this project is to use flicker and flicker interactions to understand more about vision and visual perception. A common theme throughout is the combination of measures of flicker sensitivity and flicker delay (between signals generated by different receptor types or by the same receptor types but in different eyes) to reveal the inner workings of the visual system. Two related areas of study are proposed: (I) Organization of the early visual system The phase delays and amplitudes of the middle-wavelength (M) and long- wavelength (L) cone inputs to the channel(s) that signal flicker will be systematically analyzed under various adaptational conditions. Preliminary evidence shows that the data can be modeled by assuming that slow (+MS-LS or +LS-MS) as well as fast (+Mf+Lf) cone signals feed into the achromatic channel ( - means inverted in sign, + non-inverted, f fast and s slow). (II) Light adaptation of the visual system Measures of the delay between flicker signals generated by the two eyes under different states of adaptation will be combined with measures of flicker sensitivity to characterize the effects of light adaptation more completely than has been done before. Armed with this newly won information, we will critically evaluate current models of light adaptation and develop new ones. Our preliminary results have led to the development of an elegant model that requires just two parameters to account for light adaptation over a range of luminances of greater than 105. Measurements will be aimed first at adaptation in M and L-cone pathways, and then at adaptation in short-wavelength (S) cone and rod pathways. Our results, we believe, will: (I) force a radical reappraisal of the way in which color-opponent and luminance signals are assumed to interact, lead to a more realistic psychological model of the organization of the early visual system, and require modifications to current models of the luminance channel; and (II) allow a critical reassessment and reformulation of models of light adaptation. In each case, we will relate our results to, and be guided by, the underlying retinal physiology and anatomy. Present knowledge of physiology and anatomy reveals a more complicated system than the canonical psychophysical model of luminance and chromatic channels. Our work, which identifies complex flicker interactions between fast and slow signals from the three cone types that are also seen in records from macaque ganglion cells will provide a link to current physiological and anatomical studies, and, we hope, motivate new ones.

该项目的目的是利用闪烁和闪烁的互动来更多地了解视觉和视觉感知。 整个过程中的一个共同主题是闪烁灵敏度和闪烁延迟的度量（在不同受体类型或相同受体类型产生的信号之间，但在不同眼睛中）的结合，以揭示视觉系统的内部功能。 提出了两个相关研究领域：（i）早期视觉系统的组织中，中波长（M）和长波长（L）锥体输入的相位延迟和幅度，这是信号闪烁的通道（S）在各种适应条件下进行系统分析。 初步证据表明，可以通过假设慢速（+MS-LS或+LS-MS）以及快速（+MF+LF）锥信号来对数据进行建模（ - 在符号中倒置+nontrove+nontrove sign+nontrove in CAMING - 换句话说，f快速而s慢）。 （ii）视觉系统在不同的适应状态下产生的闪烁信号之间延迟的视觉系统测量方法将与闪烁敏感性的度量相结合，以比以前更完全表征光适应的效果。 凭借这些新赢得的信息，我们将批判性地评估当前的光适应模型并开发新的模型。 我们的初步结果导致了一个优雅的模型的发展，该模型仅需要两个参数来考虑在大于105的亮度范围内的光适应性。在短波长（S）和杆途径中适应。我们认为，我们的结果将：（i）强制重新评估颜色 - 频率和亮度信号相互作用的方式，从而导致早期视觉系统组织的更现实的心理模型，并需要修改，并需要修改。亮度通道的当前模型； （ii）允许对光适应模型进行批判性重新评估和重新制定。 在每种情况下，我们都会将结果与潜在的视网膜生理和解剖学联系起来并指导。当前关于生理和解剖结构的知识比亮度和色度通道的规范心理物理模型揭示了一个更复杂的系统。 我们的工作确定了三种锥类型的快速和慢速信号之间的复杂闪烁相互作用，这些锥体类型也可以在猕猴神经节细胞的记录中看到，将提供与当前生理和解剖学研究的联系，我们希望激励新的研究。